Design and Analyze Curved Reflector Antennas

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This example shows how to design and analyze the curved reflector antennas. Curved reflector antennas are an upgraded version of rectangular reflector antennas. The curved reflector surface of these antennas reflects and focuses the signal, thereby increasing the signal strength. Some of the notable characteristics of the curved reflectors are high gain, low cross-polarization, and reasonable bandwidth.

This example shows the design and analysis of cylindrical and spherical type curved reflector antennas. The later half of the example shows the comparison between the radiation patterns of these curved reflectors and other types of backing structures.

Design and Analyze Cylindrical Reflector Antenna

Cylindrical reflector antenna uses a cylindrical surface as a reflector. This reflector coexists with an antenna in various wireless transmission applications such as radar, general satellite communications, and radio astronomy. The function of the reflector is to focus a beam of signal towards a specific direction for an enhanced antenna gain. Use the reflectorCylindrical object and its following properties to define the cylindrical reflector and an exciter system.

GroundPlaneLength — Length of the ground plane in meters
GroundPlaneWidth — Width of the ground plane in meters
Depth — Perpendicular distance from origin to cylindrical reflector aperture in meters

GL = 0.3;
GW = 0.3;
D = 0.075;
cref = reflectorCylindrical(GroundPlaneLength=GL, GroundPlaneWidth=GW, Depth=D);
cref.Tilt = 90;
cref.Exciter.TiltAxis = [1 0 0];
cref.Exciter.Tilt = 90;
show(cref)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title reflectorCylindrical antenna element, xlabel x (mm), ylabel y (mm) contains 5 objects of type patch, surface. These objects represent PEC, feed.

Plot the radiation pattern of the cylindrical reflector at 1 GHz.

pattern(cref,1e9)
view(-26,39)

Figure contains 2 axes objects and other objects of type uicontrol. Axes object 1 contains 5 objects of type patch, surface. Hidden axes object 2 contains 18 objects of type surface, line, text, patch.

Design and Analyze Spherical Reflector Antenna

Create a spherical reflector antenna by taking a cross section from the sphere and suitable for wide-angle scanning. The spherical reflector can provide beam scanning from a fixed reflecting surface without any distortion. This reduces scanning system cost in compared to a conventional reflector antenna systems. The cost reduction comes in eliminating the need to move the primary reflecting surface at all elevation angles. Use the reflectorSpherical objects and its following properties to define a spherical reflector and an exciter system.

Radius — Radius of the aperture in meters
Depth — Perpendicular distance between origin and the aperture of the antenna in meters

R = 0.15;
D = 0.15;
sref = reflectorSpherical(Radius=R, Depth=D);
show(sref)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title reflectorSpherical antenna element, xlabel x (mm), ylabel y (mm) contains 5 objects of type patch, surface. These objects represent PEC, feed.

Plot the radiation pattern of the spherical reflector backed dipole at 10 GHz.

pattern(sref,10e9)

Azimuth Radiation Pattern of Rectangular and Cylindrical Reflector Antennas

Plot the azimuth patterns of rectangular and cylindrical reflector antennas to compare their radiation characteristics.

Create the rectangular reflector antenna object.

antR = reflector;
antR.Tilt = 90;
antR.Exciter.TiltAxis = [1 0 0];
antR.Exciter.Tilt = 90;
show(antR)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title reflector antenna element, xlabel x (mm), ylabel y (mm) contains 5 objects of type patch, surface. These objects represent PEC, feed.

Plot the azimuth pattern plots for the rectangular and the cylindrical reflector antennas and compare their results.

pa1 = patternAzimuth(antR,1e9,0,"Azimuth",0:-1:-360);
pa2 = patternAzimuth(cref,1e9,0,"Azimuth",0:-1:-360);
figure
polarpattern(pa1);
hold on;
polarpattern(pa2);
hold off;
l = legend("Rectangular Reflector","Cylindrical Reflector");
l.Position = [0.6 0.8877 0.2996 0.0869];

Figure contains an axes object. The hidden axes object contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent Rectangular Reflector, Cylindrical Reflector.

Cylindrical reflectors, on account of their curvature, provide higher gain compared to the rectangular reflectors.

Elevation Plots of Spherical and Parabolic Reflectors

Plot the elevation patterns of spherical and parabolic reflector antennas to compare their radiation characteristics.

Create a parabolic reflector antenna.

pref = reflectorParabolic;
show(pref)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title reflectorParabolic antenna element, xlabel x (mm), ylabel y (mm) contains 5 objects of type patch, surface. These objects represent PEC, feed.

Compare the elevation pattern plots of the parabolic and the spherical reflector antennas.

pe1 = patternElevation(pref,10e9,0,Elevation=0:360);
pe2 = patternElevation(sref,10e9,0,Elevation=0:360);
figure
polarpattern(pe1)
hold on;
polarpattern(pe2)
l = legend("Parabolic Reflector","Spherical Reflector");
l.Position = [0.6 0.8877 0.2996 0.0869];

Figure contains an axes object. The hidden axes object contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent Parabolic Reflector, Spherical Reflector.

The elevation pattern plot of the spherical reflector shows more peaks as compared to the parabolic reflector meaning a spherical reflector scans a wider area.

Reference

[1] Balanis, Constantine A. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2005.

[2] Zali H.M., M.T.Ali, I.Pasya, N.A.Halili , H.Ja’afar, M.Hilmi. ''Design of a Cylindrical Parabolic Reflector on Monopole Plasma Antenna''. IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM), Penang, 2013, pp. 344-348.