Estimation Equivalent Circuit Battery

Resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit battery that creates lookup tables

Libraries:
Powertrain Blockset / Energy Storage and Auxiliary Drive / Network Battery

Description

The Estimation Equivalent Circuit Battery block implements a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit battery model that you can use to create lookup tables for the Equivalent Circuit Battery block. The lookup tables are functions of the state-of-charge (SOC).

The Estimation Equivalent Circuit Battery block calculates the combined voltage of the network battery using parameter lookup tables. The tables are functions of the SOC. To acquire the SOC, the block integrates the charge and discharge currents.

Specifically, the block implements these parameters as lookup tables that are functions of the SOC:

Series resistance, R_o=ƒ(SOC)
Battery open-circuit voltage, E_m=ƒ(SOC)
Network resistance, R_n=ƒ(SOC)
Network capacitance, C_n=ƒ(SOC)

To calculate the combined voltage of the battery network, the block uses these equations.

$\begin{array}{l} V_{T} = E_{m} - I_{b a t t} R_{o} - \sum_{1}^{n} V_{n} \\ V_{n} = \int_{0}^{t} [\frac{I_{b a t t}}{C_{n}} - \frac{V_{n}}{R_{n} C_{n}}] d t \\ S O C = \frac{- 1}{C_{b a t t}} \int_{0}^{t} I_{b a t t} d t \\ I_{b a t t} = I_{i n} \\ V_{o u t} = V_{T} \end{array}$

Positive current indicates battery discharge. Negative current indicates battery charge.

The equations use these variables.

SOC	State-of-charge
E_m	Battery open-circuit voltage
I_batt	Per module battery current
I_in	Combined current flowing from the battery network
R_o	Series resistance
n	Number of RC pairs in series
V_out, V_T	Combined voltage of the battery network
V_n	Voltage for `n`-th RC pair
R_n	Resistance for `n`-th RC pair
C_n	Capacitance for `n`-th RC pair
C_batt	Battery capacity

Examples

Build Full Electric Vehicle Model

Build a vehicle with a motor-generator, battery, direct-drive transmission, and powertrain control algorithms using the electric vehicle (EV) reference application.

Ports

Inputs

expand all

BattCurr — Battery network current
`scalar`

Combined current flowing from the battery network, I_in, in A.

Output

expand all

Info — Bus signal
bus

Bus signal containing these block calculations.

Signal	Description	Variable	Units
`CapVolt`	Voltage for `n`-th RC pair	V_n	V

BattVolt — Battery output voltage
`scalar`

Combined voltage of the battery network, V_out, in V.

BattSoc — Battery SOC
`scalar`

Battery state-of-charge, SOC.

Parameters

expand all

Core Battery

Number of series RC pairs — RC pairs
`1` (default) | `2` | `3` | `4` | `5`

Number of series RC pairs. For lithium, typically 1 or 2.

Open circuit voltage Em table data, Em — Voltage table
`[3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8]` (default) | `array`

Open-circuit voltage table, E_m, in V. Function of SOC.

Series resistance table data, R0 — Resistance
`[0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01]` (default) | `array`

Series resistance table, R_o, in ohms. Function of SOC.

State of charge breakpoints, SOC_BP — SOC breakpoints
`[0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1]` (default) | `vector`

State-of-charge (SOC) breakpoints, dimensionless.

Battery capacity, BattCap — Capacity
`27.6250` (default) | `scalar`

Battery capacity, C_batt, in Ah.

Initial battery capacity, BattCapInit — Capacity
`27.6250` (default) | `scalar`

Initial battery capacity, C_batto, in Ah.

Initial capacitor voltage, InitialCapVoltage — Voltage
`0` (default) | `vector`

Initial capacitor voltage, in V. Dimension of vector must equal the Number of series RC pairs.

R and C Table Data

Network resistance table data, R`n` — Lookup table
`[0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005]` (default) | `array`

Network resistance table data for n-th RC pair, as a function of SOC, in ohms.

Network capacitance table data, C`n` — Lookup table
`[10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000]` (default) | `array`

Network capacitance table data for n-th RC pair, as a function of SOC, in F.

Cell Limits

Upper Integrator Voltage Limit, Vu — Maximum
`Inf` (default) | `scalar`

Upper voltage limit, in V.

Lower Integrator Voltage Limit, Vl — Minimum
`Inf` (default) | `scalar`

Lower voltage limit, in V.

References

[1] Ahmed, Ryan, et al. "Model-Based Parameter Identification of Healthy and Aged Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Applications." SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains. 4, no. 2 (2015): 233 -47. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0252.

[2] Gazzarri, Javier, Nishant Shrivastava, Robyn Jackey, and Craig Borghesani. "Battery Pack Modeling, Simulation, and Deployment on a Multicore Real Time Target." SAE International Journal of Aerospace. 7, no. 2 (2014): 207–13. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2217.

[3] Huria, Tarun, Massimo Ceraolo, Javier Gazzarri, and Robyn Jackey. “High Fidelity Electrical Model with Thermal Dependence for Characterization and Simulation of High Power Lithium Battery Cells.” IEEE^® International Electric Vehicle Conference, March 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ievc.2012.6183271.

[4] Huria, Tarun, Massimo Ceraolo, Javier Gazzarri, and Robyn Jackey. "Simplified Extended Kalman Filter Observer for SOC Estimation of Commercial Power-Oriented LFP Lithium Battery Cells." SAE Technical Paper Series, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1544.

[5] Jackey, Robyn A. "A Simple, Effective Lead-Acid Battery Modeling Process for Electrical System Component Selection." SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007. https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0778.

[6] Jackey, Robyn A., Gregory L. Plett, and Martin J. Klein. "Parameterization of a Battery Simulation Model Using Numerical Optimization Methods." SAE Technical Paper Series, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1381.

[7] Jackey,Robyn, et al. "Battery Model Parameter Estimation Using a Layered Technique: An Example Using a Lithium Iron Phosphate Cell." SAE Technical Paper Series, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1547.

[8] Geng, Zeyang, Jens Groot, and Torbjorn Thiringer. “A Time- and Cost-Effective Method for Entropic Coefficient Determination of a Large Commercial Battery Cell.” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 6, no. 1 (March 2020): 257–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2020.2971454.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2017a

Estimation Equivalent Circuit Battery

Description

Examples

Build Full Electric Vehicle Model

Ports

Inputs

BattCurr — Battery network current
`scalar`

Output

Info — Bus signal
bus

BattVolt — Battery output voltage
`scalar`

BattSoc — Battery SOC
`scalar`

Parameters

Number of series RC pairs — RC pairs
`1` (default) | `2` | `3` | `4` | `5`

Open circuit voltage Em table data, Em — Voltage table
`[3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8]` (default) | `array`

Series resistance table data, R0 — Resistance
`[0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01]` (default) | `array`

State of charge breakpoints, SOC_BP — SOC breakpoints
`[0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1]` (default) | `vector`

Battery capacity, BattCap — Capacity
`27.6250` (default) | `scalar`

Initial battery capacity, BattCapInit — Capacity
`27.6250` (default) | `scalar`

Initial capacitor voltage, InitialCapVoltage — Voltage
`0` (default) | `vector`

Network resistance table data, R`n` — Lookup table
`[0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005]` (default) | `array`

Network capacitance table data, C`n` — Lookup table
`[10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000]` (default) | `array`

Upper Integrator Voltage Limit, Vu — Maximum
`Inf` (default) | `scalar`

Lower Integrator Voltage Limit, Vl — Minimum
`Inf` (default) | `scalar`

References

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

See Also

Topics

Estimation Equivalent Circuit Battery

Description

Examples

Build Full Electric Vehicle Model

Ports

Inputs

BattCurr — Battery network current scalar

Output

Info — Bus signal bus

BattVolt — Battery output voltage scalar

BattSoc — Battery SOC scalar

Parameters

Number of series RC pairs — RC pairs 1 (default) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Open circuit voltage Em table data, Em — Voltage table [3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8] (default) | array

Series resistance table data, R0 — Resistance [0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01] (default) | array

State of charge breakpoints, SOC_BP — SOC breakpoints [0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1] (default) | vector

Battery capacity, BattCap — Capacity 27.6250 (default) | scalar

Initial battery capacity, BattCapInit — Capacity 27.6250 (default) | scalar

Initial capacitor voltage, InitialCapVoltage — Voltage 0 (default) | vector

Network resistance table data, Rn — Lookup table [0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005] (default) | array

Network capacitance table data, Cn — Lookup table [10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000] (default) | array

Upper Integrator Voltage Limit, Vu — Maximum Inf (default) | scalar

Lower Integrator Voltage Limit, Vl — Minimum Inf (default) | scalar

References

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

See Also

Topics

BattCurr — Battery network current
`scalar`

Info — Bus signal
bus

BattVolt — Battery output voltage
`scalar`

BattSoc — Battery SOC
`scalar`

Number of series RC pairs — RC pairs
`1` (default) | `2` | `3` | `4` | `5`

Open circuit voltage Em table data, Em — Voltage table
`[3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8]` (default) | `array`

Series resistance table data, R0 — Resistance
`[0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01]` (default) | `array`

State of charge breakpoints, SOC_BP — SOC breakpoints
`[0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1]` (default) | `vector`

Battery capacity, BattCap — Capacity
`27.6250` (default) | `scalar`

Initial battery capacity, BattCapInit — Capacity
`27.6250` (default) | `scalar`

Initial capacitor voltage, InitialCapVoltage — Voltage
`0` (default) | `vector`

Network resistance table data, R`n` — Lookup table
`[0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005]` (default) | `array`

Network capacitance table data, C`n` — Lookup table
`[10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000]` (default) | `array`

Upper Integrator Voltage Limit, Vu — Maximum
`Inf` (default) | `scalar`

Lower Integrator Voltage Limit, Vl — Minimum
`Inf` (default) | `scalar`

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.