Build Hybrid Electric Vehicle P1 Model

This example uses:

Simscape Simscape

The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) P1 reference application represents a full HEV model with an internal combustion engine, transmission, battery, motor, and associated powertrain control algorithms. Use the reference application for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, tradeoff analysis, and control parameter optimization of a HEV P1 hybrid. To create and open a working copy of the reference application project, enter

autoblkHevP1Start

By default, the HEV P1 reference application is configured with:

Lithium-ion battery pack
Mapped electric motor
Mapped spark-ignition (SI) engine

This diagram shows the powertrain configuration.

Note

The Virtual Vehicle Composer configures the reference application. If you want to the change the configuration, use the Virtual Vehicle Composer to specify a different powertrain and vehicle.

This table describes the blocks and subsystems in the reference application.

Reference Application Element	Description
Analyze Power and Energy	Double-click Analyze Power and Energy to open a live script. Run the script to evaluate and report power and energy consumption at the component- and system-level. For more information about the live script, see Analyze Power and Energy.
Scenarios	Implements the Drive Cycle Source block to generate a FTP75 (2474 seconds) drive cycle.
Environment	Creates environment variables, including road grade, wind velocity, and ambient temperature and pressure.
Driver Commands	Implements the Longitudinal Driver to generate normalized acceleration and braking commands.
Controllers	Implements a powertrain control unit containing a hybrid vehicle control unit (VCU) and an engine control unit (ECU).
Vehicle	Implements a hybrid passenger car that contains drivetrain, electric plant, and engine subsystems.
Visualization	Displays vehicle-level performance, battery state of charge (SOC), fuel economy, and emission results that are useful for powertrain matching and component selection analysis.

Evaluate and Report Power and Energy

Double-click Analyze Power and Energy to open a live script. Run the script to evaluate and report power and energy consumption at the component- and system-level. For more information about the live script, see Analyze Power and Energy.

The script provides:

An overall energy summary that you can export to an Excel^® spreadsheet.
Engine plant, electric plant, and drivetrain plant efficiencies, including an engine histogram of time spent at the different engine plant efficiencies.
Data logging so that you can use the Simulation Data Inspector to analyze the powertrain efficiency and energy transfer signals.

Controllers

The Controller subsystem implements the hybrid vehicle control unit (VCU), engine control unit (ECU), transmission control unit (TCU), and open loop braking control.

This table describes the Controller subsystem implementation.

Element	Description
VCU	Implements the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy block and series regenerative braking control.
ECU	Implements the SI Controller block.
TCU	Sets the transmission gear state according to vehicle speed thresholds for gear shifting. The thresholds are defined by 2D lookup tables of powertrain load and gear state.

Vehicle

The Virtual Vehicle Composer configures the reference application vehicle subsystem. If you want to the change the configuration, use the Virtual Vehicle Composer to specify a different powertrain and vehicle.

The hybrid vehicle has the characteristics provided in this table.

Element	Description
Dual clutch transmission (DCT)	Implements the Ideal Fixed Gear Transmission block to configure an ideal fixed gear transmission without clutch or synchronization.
Wheels and Brakes	Implements the Longitudinal Wheel block with disc brakes to configure drivetrain for front wheel drive.
Vehicle Body	Implements the Vehicle Body 3DOF Longitudinal block to configure vehicle for 3 degrees-of-freedom.
Engine	Implements the Mapped SI Engine block.
Battery and DC-DC Converter	Implements the Datasheet Battery block to configure a lithium-ion battery pack.
Motors	Implements the Mapped Motor blocks with implicit controllers.

Acknowledgment

MathWorks^® would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Simona Onori to the ECMS optimal control algorithm implemented in this reference application. Dr. Onori is a Professor of Energy Resources Engineering at Stanford University. Her research interests include electrochemical modeling, estimation and optimization of energy storage devices for automotive and grid-level applications, hybrid and electric vehicles modeling and control, PDE modeling, and model-order reduction and estimation of emission mitigation systems. She is a senior member of IEEE^®.

References

[1] Balazs, A., Morra, E., and Pischinger, S., Optimization of Electrified Powertrains for City Cars. SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-2451. Warrendale, PA: SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 2012.

[2] Onori, S., Serrao, L., and Rizzoni, G., Hybrid Electric Vehicles Energy Management Systems. New York: Springer, 2016.