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zpklp2bs

Zero-pole-gain lowpass to bandstop frequency transformation

Syntax

[Z2,P2,K2,AllpassNum,AllpassDen] = zpklp2bs(Z,P,K,Wo,Wt)

Description

[Z2,P2,K2,AllpassNum,AllpassDen] = zpklp2bs(Z,P,K,Wo,Wt) returns zeros, Z2, poles, P2, and gain factor, K2, of the target filter transformed from the real lowpass prototype by applying a second-order real lowpass to real bandstop frequency mapping.

It also returns the numerator, AllpassNum, and the denominator, AllpassDen, of the allpass mapping filter. The prototype lowpass filter is given with zeros, Z, poles, P, and gain factor, K.

This transformation effectively places one feature of an original filter, located at frequency -Wo, at the required target frequency location, Wt1, and the second feature, originally at +Wo, at the new location, Wt2. It is assumed that Wt2 is greater than Wt1. This transformation implements the "Nyquist Mobility," which means that the DC feature stays at DC, but the Nyquist feature moves to a location dependent on the selection of Wo and Wts.

Relative positions of other features of an original filter change in the target filter. This means that it is possible to select two features of an original filter, F1 and F2, with F1 preceding F2. After the transformation feature F2 will precede F1 in the target filter. However, the distance between F1 and F2 will not be the same before and after the transformation.

Choice of the feature subject to the lowpass to bandstop transformation is not restricted only to the cutoff frequency of an original lowpass filter. In general it is possible to select any feature; e.g., the stopband edge, the DC, the deep minimum in the stopband, or other ones.

Examples

Design a prototype real IIR halfband filter using a standard elliptic approach:

[b, a] = ellip(3,0.1,30,0.409);
z = roots(b);
p = roots(a);
k = b(1);
[z2,p2,k2] = zpklp2bs(z, p, k, 0.5, [0.2 0.3]);

Verify the result by comparing the prototype filter with the target filter:

filterAnalyzer(b,a,k2*poly(z2),poly(p2),FrequencyRange="centered");

Arguments

VariableDescription
Z

Zeros of the prototype lowpass filter

P

Poles of the prototype lowpass filter

K

Gain factor of the prototype lowpass filter

Wo

Frequency value to be transformed from the prototype filter

Wt

Desired frequency location in the transformed target filter

Z2

Zeros of the target filter

P2

Poles of the target filter

K2

Gain factor of the target filter

AllpassNum

Numerator of the mapping filter

AllpassDen

Denominator of the mapping filter

Frequencies must be normalized to be between 0 and 1, with 1 corresponding to half the sample rate.

References

Constantinides, A.G., “Spectral transformations for digital filters,” IEEE® Proceedings, vol. 117, no. 8, pp. 1585-1590, August 1970.

Nowrouzian, B. and A.G. Constantinides, “Prototype reference transfer function parameters in the discrete-time frequency transformations,” Proceedings 33rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Calgary, Canada, vol. 2, pp. 1078-1082, August 1990.

Nowrouzian, B. and L.T. Bruton, “Closed-form solutions for discrete-time elliptic transfer functions,” Proceedings of the 35th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 784-787, 1992.

Constantinides, A.G., “Design of bandpass digital filters,” IEEE Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 1129-1231, June 1969.

Version History

Introduced in R2011a

See Also

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