zpklp2xc

Zero-pole-gain lowpass to complex N-point frequency transformation

Syntax

[Z2,P2,K2,AllpassNum,AllpassDen] = zpklp2xc(Z,P,K,Wo,Wt)

Description

[Z2,P2,K2,AllpassNum,AllpassDen] = zpklp2xc(Z,P,K,Wo,Wt) returns zeros, Z₂, poles, P₂, and gain factor, K₂, of the target filter transformed from the real lowpass prototype by applying an Nth-order real lowpass to complex multipoint frequency transformation.

It also returns the numerator, AllpassNum, and the denominator, AllpassDen, of the allpass mapping filter. The prototype lowpass filter is given with zeros, Z, poles, P, and gain factor, K.

Parameter N also specifies the number of replicas of the prototype filter created around the unit circle after the transformation. This transformation effectively places N features of an original filter, located at frequencies W_o1,...,W_oN, at the required target frequency locations, W_t1,...,W_tM.

Relative positions of other features of an original filter are the same in the target filter for the Nyquist mobility and are reversed for the DC mobility. For the Nyquist mobility this means that it is possible to select two features of an original filter, F₁ and F₂, with F₁ preceding F₂. Feature F₁ will still precede F₂ after the transformation. However, the distance between F₁ and F₂ will not be the same before and after the transformation. For DC mobility feature F₂ will precede F₁ after the transformation.

Choice of the feature subject to this transformation is not restricted to the cutoff frequency of an original lowpass filter. In general it is possible to select any feature; e.g., the stopband edge, the DC, the deep minimum in the stopband, or other ones. The only condition is that the features must be selected in such a way that when creating N bands around the unit circle, there will be no band overlap.

This transformation can also be used for transforming other types of filters; e.g., notch filters or resonators can be easily replicated at a number of required frequency locations. A good application would be an adaptive tone cancellation circuit reacting to the changing number and location of tones.

Examples

Design a prototype real IIR halfband filter using a standard elliptic approach:

[b, a] = ellip(3,0.1,30,0.409);
z = roots(b);
p = roots(a);
k = b(1);
[z2,p2,k2] = zpklp2xc(z, p, k, [-0.5 0.5], [-0.25 0.25]);

Verify the result by comparing the prototype filter with the target filter:

filterAnalyzer(b,a,k2*poly(z2),poly(p2),FrequencyRange="centered");

Plotting the filters on the same axes lets you compare the results graphically, shown here.

Arguments

Variable	Description
`Z`	Zeros of the prototype lowpass filter
`P`	Poles of the prototype lowpass filter
`K`	Gain factor of the prototype lowpass filter
`Wo`	Frequency values to be transformed from the prototype filter. They should be normalized to be between 0 and 1, with 1 corresponding to half the sample rate.
`Wt`	Desired frequency locations in the transformed target filter. They should be normalized to be between -1 and 1, with 1 corresponding to half the sample rate.
`Z2`	Zeros of the target filter
`P2`	Poles of the target filter
`K2`	Gain factor of the target filter
`AllpassNum`	Numerator of the mapping filter
`AllpassDen`	Denominator of the mapping filter

Version History

Introduced in R2011a