4-Way 2-Position Directional Valve (TL)

4-way 2-position directional valve in a thermal liquid network

Since R2024a

Libraries:
Simscape / Fluids / Thermal Liquid / Valves & Orifices / Directional Control Valves

Description

The 4-Way 2-Position Directional Valve (TL) models a valve with four openings — such as the valves between an actuator, pump, and tank — in a thermal liquid network. A single spool controls the valve operation according to the signal at port S. You can set the baseline configuration of your valve by specifying the orifices that are open when the spool moves in the positive direction and negative directions in the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters, respectively. You can set the valve opening model in the Orifice parameterization parameter as a linear relationship or function of user-provided data, which you can apply to one or all flow paths in the valve.

This block is a composite component that comprises of multiple instances of the Orifice (TL) block. Refer to the Orifice (TL) block for more details about valve parameterizations and block calculations. In some configurations, this valve resembles a 3-way valve. To set additional flow paths when the spool is in the neutral position, see the 4-Way 3-Position Directional Valve (TL) block.

This image shows an example valve setup where the valve is connected to a tank, actuator, and pump and the Positive spool position open connections parameter is P-B, A-T:

This image shows the valve when the Negative spool position open connections parameter is P-A, B-T:

In this configuration, when the signal at port S moves the spool to a negative position, the paths between ports P and A and between ports B and T are open to flow. The paths between ports P and B and ports A and T are closed to flow.

This image shows the valve when the Positive spool position open connections parameter is P-B, A-T:

In this configuration, when the signal at port S moves the spool to a positive position, the paths between ports P and B and between ports A and T are open to flow and the paths between ports P and A and between ports B and T are closed.

The schematic that represents this configuration is:

The left-hand side corresponds to the positive position and the right-hand side corresponds to the negative position. The valve transitions through positions in the neutral mid-section.

Spool Displacement and Valve Configuration

The spool stroke is the amount of spool travel an orifice takes to fully open from a closed position. You can use the Orifice parameterization and Area characteristics parameters to specify the flow path characteristics:

Orifice Parameterization	Identical for All Flow Paths	Different for Each Flow Path
`Linear - Area vs. spool travel`	The Spool travel between closed and open orifice parameter defines the spool stroke	The Spool travel between closed and open orifice parameter defines the spool stroke for each orifice
`Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel`	The difference between the first and last element of the Spool travel vector parameter defines the spool stroke	The difference between the first and last element of the Spool travel vector parameter for each orifice
`Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop`or `Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop`	The difference between the first and last element of the Spool travel vector, ds parameter defines the spool stroke	The difference between the first and last element of the Spool travel vector, ds parameter defines the spool stroke for each orifice

The direction of the spool movement depends on the spool stroke, orifice orientation, and signal at port S. This table shows the spool travel for an orifice depending on the selections for the Positive spool position open connection and Negative spool position open connection parameters:

Spool Position When Orifice Is Open	Spool Travel, ΔS
Orifice always closed: orifice not selected for the Positive spool position open connection or Negative spool position open connection parameters	N/A
Orifice always open: orifice selected for both the Positive spool position open connection and Negative spool position open connection parameters	N/A
Negative: orifice selected for only Negative spool position open connection parameter	S_{orifice_max} + spool stroke – S
Positive: orifice selected for only Positive spool position open connection parameter	S_{orifice_max} – spool stroke + S

Where S_{orifice_max} is the spool position at the maximum orifice area defined for each orifice. The orifice area saturates at the leakage area when ΔS is negative and saturates at the maximum orifice area when the orifice is fully open. When the orifice is fully open, ΔS is equal to the spool stroke, so ΔS greater than the spool stroke does not further increase the orifice area.

This table shows the possible configurations of the 4-Way 2-Position Directional Valve (TL):

Configuration	Parameter Values
All four paths are closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < –P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < –A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
All four paths are open during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > –P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > –A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke
A-T and B-T are closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > –P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < –A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
P-A and P-B are closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A` Negative spool position open connections: `P-B` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < –P-B spool stroke
P-B and B-T are closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < –B-T spool stroke
P-A and A-T are closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < –P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > –B-T spool stroke
P-A, P-B, and B-T are open during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area = any value Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > –B-T spool stroke
P-A, A-T, and B-T are open during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > –P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area = any value
P-A and P-B are closed during transition. A-T is always closed.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < –B-T spool stroke
All paths are closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < –P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke
A-T is open during transition. P-A is closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area = any value Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > –B-T spool stroke
B-T is open during transition. P-B is closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < –P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area = any value
P-A is closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, B-T` Negative spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < –P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
P-B is closed during transition.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B` Negative spool position open connections: `P-B, A-T` Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > –A-T spool stroke

Valve Orifice Parameterizations

The Orifice parameterization parameter specifies the model for the open area or flow rate through one or all of the valve orifices. If you set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths, the block applies the same data for all flow paths. When you select Different for all flow paths, the block uses individual parameterizations for each flow path.

When Orifice parameterization is Linear - area vs. spool travel, the opening area is a linear function of the spool position received as a signal at port S

$A_{o r i f i c e} = \frac{(A_{\max} - A_{l e a k})}{Δ S_{\max}} Δ S + A_{l e a k},$

where:

ΔS is the spool travel.
A_orifice saturates at A_leak when ΔS is negative and saturates at A_max when the orifice is fully open. When the orifice is fully open, ΔS is equal to the spool stroke, so a value of ΔS that is greater than the spool stroke does not increase the orifice area.
ΔS_max is the value of the Spool travel between closed and open orifice parameter.
A_max is the value of the Maximum orifice area parameter.
A_leak is the value of the Leakage area parameter.

When the valve is in a near-open or near-closed position in the linear parameterization, you can maintain numerical robustness in your simulation by adjusting the Smoothing factor parameter. If the Smoothing factor parameter is nonzero, the block smoothly saturates the opening area between A_leak and A_max. For more information, see Numerical Smoothing.

When Orifice parameterization is Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel, you can provide spool travel vectors for your system or for individual flow paths between ports P, A, B, and T. The block uses this data to calculate the relationship between the orifice area and spool displacement. The block uses interpolation to determine the opening area between given data points. A_leak and A_max are the first and last parameters of the opening area vector, respectively.

When Orifice parameterization is Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop, you can provide spool travel and pressure drop vectors and a dependent, 2-D volumetric flow rate array. The block uses interpolation to determine the flow rate between the data points. The mass flow rate is the product of the volumetric flow rate and the local density.

When Orifice parameterization is Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop, you can provide spool travel and pressure drop vectors and a dependent, 2-D mass flow rate array. The block uses interpolation to determine the flow rate between the data points. The block calculates the relationship between the three variables from the tabulated data in the Spool travel vector, ds,Pressure drop vector, dp, and Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters.

Visualize Orifice Openings

To visualize the spool offsets and maximum displacement, right-click the block and select Fluids > Plot Valve Characteristics. The plot shows the orifices specified by the parameters in Valve Configuration section. The axes are either:

Orifice Area verses Spool Position
Volumetric Flow Rate verses Spool Position, queried at a specific pressure differential

When you set the parameters in the Valve Configuration tab to the same orifice, the orifice opening is a constant.

Click Reload Data to update the data in the figure.

This image shows the default configuration for the block:

Positive spool position open connections is P-A, B-T.
Negative spool position open connections is P-B, A-T.

All other spool positions are at the default values.

Faults

To model a fault, in the Faults section, click the Add fault hyperlink next to the fault that you want to model. Use the fault parameters to specify the fault properties. For more information about fault modeling, see Introduction to Simscape Faults.

The Spool position when faulted parameter has three fault options:

Positive — The spool position freezes in the positive position, opening the flow paths specified by the Positive spool position open connections parameter to their maximum value. The flow paths specified by the Negative spool position open connections parameter are closed.
Negative — The spool position freezes in the negative position, opening the flow paths specified by the Negative spool position open connections parameter to their maximum value. The flow paths specified by the Positive spool position open connections parameter are closed.
Maintain last value — The valve freezes at the spool position when the trigger occurs.

Due to numerical smoothing at the extremes of the valve area, in the linear parameterization, the minimum area that he block uses is larger than the Leakage area, and the maximum is smaller than the Maximum orifice area, in proportion to the Smoothing factor value. For more information, see Numerical Smoothing.

After the fault triggers, the valve remains at the faulted area for the rest of the simulation.

Predefined Parameterization

You can populate the block with pre-parameterized manufacturing data, which allows you to model a specific supplier component.

To load a predefined parameterization:

In the block dialog box, next to Selected part, click the "<click to select>" hyperlink next to Selected part in the block dialogue box settings.
The Block Parameterization Manager window opens. Select a part from the menu and click Apply all. You can narrow the choices using the Manufacturer drop down menu.
You can close the Block Parameterization Manager menu. The block now has the parameterization that you specified.
You can compare current parameter settings with a specific supplier component in the Block Parameterization Manager window by selecting a part and viewing the data in the Compare selected part with block section.

Note

Predefined block parameterizations use available data sources to supply parameter values. The block substitutes engineering judgement and simplifying assumptions for missing data. As a result, expect some deviation between simulated and actual physical behavior. To ensure accuracy, validate the simulated behavior against experimental data and refine your component models as necessary.

To learn more, see List of Pre-Parameterized Components.

Ports

Conserving

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A — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

Liquid entry or exit port to the valve.

B — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

Liquid entry or exit port to the valve.

P — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

Liquid entry or exit port to the valve.

T — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

Liquid entry or exit port to the valve.

Input

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S — Spool displacement, m
physical signal

Physical signal associated with the spool displacement, in m.

Parameters

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Valve Configuration

Positive spool position open connections — Flow paths open when spool is in a positive position
`P-A, B-T` (default) | `P-A, P-B` | `P-B, A-T` | `P-A` | `P-B` | `P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T`

Flow paths open when the spool is in a positive position. This parameter sets the valve configuration and defines the direction of spool movement according to the signal received at port S.

Negative spool position open connections — Flow paths open when spool moves in the negative direction
`P-B, A-T` (default) | `P-A, B-T` | `P-A, P-B` | `P-A` | `P-B` | `P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T`

Flow paths open when the spool moves in the negative direction. This parameter sets the valve configuration and defines the direction of spool movement according to the signal received at port S.

Model Parameterization

Area characteristics — Flow equations for orifices
`Identical for all flow paths` (default) | `Different for each flow path`

Whether to apply uniform or individual flow equations for the valve orifice area. When you set this parameter to Identical for all flow paths, the block uses the same orifice and spool geometries, flow rates, pressure, and area vectors for all valve orifices. When you set this parameter to Different for each flow path, you can specify these parameters individually for each orifice. For both settings, orifices A, B, P, and T have the same cross-sectional areas, discharge coefficients, and Reynolds numbers when you set Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Orifice parameterization — Method of calculating opening area
`Linear area vs. spool travel` (default) | `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel` | `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop` | `Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop`

Method of calculating the valve opening area. If you set this parameter to one of the tabulated data parameterizations, you can provide your own valve area and spool travel data for nonlinear valve opening profiles, or provide data in terms of flow rate, spool travel, and pressure drop over the flow path.

Spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum distance of spool travel.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.

Maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Largest open area of each orifice during the operation of the valve.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.

Leakage area — Open area when orifice is fully closed
`1e-10 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Open area when an orifice is fully closed. The block maintains any area smaller than this value at the specified leakage area. This parameter contributes to numerical stability by maintaining continuity in the flow.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.

Spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances when parameterizing the orifice according to tabulated valve area data. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the Orifice area vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of opening areas when parameterizing the orifice according to tabulated valve area data. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the Spool travel vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances when parameterizing the orifice according to tabulated volumetric flow rate data. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the Pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 2-D dependent Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) parameter. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.

Pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of valve pressure drop values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure drop values when parameterizing the orifice according to tabulated flow rate data. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the Spool travel vector, ds parameter for the 2-D dependent Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) parameter. List the values in ascending order. The values must be greater than 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rates
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; .00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the Spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the Pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rates
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the Spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the Pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.

Reference inflow temperature — Temperature at which mass flow rate data is specified
`293.15 K` (default) | positive scalar

Temperature at which the tabulated mass flow rate data is specified.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.

Reference inflow pressure — Pressure at which mass flow rate tabulated data is specified
`0.101325 MPa` (default) | positive scalar

Pressure at which the tabulated mass flow rate data is specified. The block uses this parameter to calculate a third reference parameter, the reference density, that the block uses to scale the tabulated pressure drop data for pressures and temperatures that deviate from the reference conditions.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.

Constant orifice area — Orifice area for identical flow paths
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Orifice area when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths and Orifice parameterization to either:

Linear - area vs. spool travel
Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel

Select the same orifice for both of the parameters in the Valve Configuration section:

Positive spool position open connections
Negative spool position open connections

Constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for identical flow paths
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the Constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

Select the same orifice for both of the parameters in the Valve Configuration section:

Positive spool position open connections
Negative spool position open connections

Constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for identical flow paths
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of volumetric flow rate values for a constant orifice when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the Constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

Select the same orifice for both of the parameters in the Valve Configuration section:

Positive spool position open connections
Negative spool position open connections

Cross-sectional area at ports P, T, A and B — Area at conserving ports
`0.01 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum cross-sectional areas at the entry and exit ports P, T, A, and B, which the block uses in the pressure-flow rate equation that determines the mass flow rate through the valve.

Discharge coefficient — Discharge coefficient
`0.64` (default) | positive scalar

Correction factor that accounts for discharge losses in theoretical flows.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to either:

Linear - Area vs. spool travel
Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel

Critical Reynolds number — Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow
`150` (default) | positive scalar

Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow through the orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to:

Linear - area vs. spool travel
Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel

Smoothing factor — Numerical smoothing factor
`0.01` (default) | positive scalar in the range of [0,1]

Continuous smoothing factor that introduces a layer of gradual change based to the flow response when the valve is in near-open and near-closed positions. To increase the stability of your simulation in these regimes, set this parameter to a nonzero value less than one.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parametrization to Linear - area vs. spool travel.

Pressure recovery — Whether to account for pressure increase in area expansions
`off` (default) | `on`

Whether to account for pressure increase when fluid flows from a region of smaller cross-sectional area to a region of larger cross-sectional area.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to:

Linear - area vs. spool travel
Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel

P-A Orifice

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area — Spool offset for fully open P-A orifice
`5e-3 m` (default) | positive scalar

Spool offset from the neutral position for a fully open P-A orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set one of these parameters.

Set Positive spool position open connections to:

P-A, B-T
P-A, P-B
P-A
P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Set Negative spool position open connections to:

P-A, B-T
P-A, P-B
P-A
P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A orifice settings do not appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-A spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum distance of spool travel. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Largest open area of the P-A orifice during the operation of the valve.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A orifice area vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A spool travel vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the volumetric flow rates. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 2-D dependent P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and P-A orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure drop values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure drop values for the tabular parametrization of the volumetric flow rates. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter for the 2-D dependent P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and P-A orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-A constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Orifice area when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to either:
- Linear - area vs. spool travel
- Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-A constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-A constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-A constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of mass flow rate values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions use the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-A, B-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-A
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-B Orifice

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area — Spool offset for fully open P-B orifice
`-5e-3` (default) | positive scalar

Spool offset from the neutral position for a fully open P-B orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set one of the following parameters:

Positive spool position open connections to:

P-B, A-T
P-A, P-B
P-B
P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Negative spool position open connections to:

P-B, A-T
P-A, P-B
P-B
P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B orifice settings do not appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-B spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum distance of spool travel. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
or set Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Largest open area of the P-B orifice during the operation of the valve.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B orifice area vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B spool travel vector parameter. List the elements in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the volumetric flow rates. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 2-D dependent P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and P-B orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure differential values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-byn vector

Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter for the 2-D dependent P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and P-B orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

P-B constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Orifice area when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to either:
- Linear - area vs. spool travel
- Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-B constant volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of volumetric flow rate values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

P-B constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of mass flow rate values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions use the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
Positive spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T
Negative spool position open connections to:
- P-B, A-T
- P-A, P-B
- P-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

A-T Orifice

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area — Spool offset for fully open A-T orifice
`-5e-3 m` (default) | positive scalar

Spool offset from the neutral position for a fully open A-T orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set one of the following parameters:

Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T orifice settings do not appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

A-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum distance of spool travel. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Largest open area of the A-T orifice during the operation of the valve.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the A-T orifice area vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the volumetric flow rates. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 2-D dependent A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and A-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure differential values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of the volumetric flow rates. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter for the 2-D dependent A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and A-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

A-T constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for a constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Orifice area when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to either:
- Linear - area vs. spool travel
- Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel
One of the following settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

A-T constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the A-T constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

A-T constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of volumetric flow rate values when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the A-T constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

A-T constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of mass flow rate values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions use the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between the data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-B, A-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

B-T Orifice

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area — Spool offset for fully open B-T orifice
`5e-3 m` (default) | positive scalar

Spool offset from the neutral position for a fully open B-T orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set one of the following parameters:

Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T orifice settings do not appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

B-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum distance of spool travel. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Largest open area of the B-T orifice during the operation of the valve.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of spool travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the B-T orifice area vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the B-T orifice spool travel vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of control member travel distances for the tabular parameterization of the volumetric flow rates. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the B-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 2-D dependent B-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and B-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The first element must be 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure differential values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of the volumetric flow rates. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter for the 2-D dependent B-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) and B-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. List the values in ascending order. The elements must be greater than 0. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the B-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the correlated vectors:

M is the number of vector elements in the B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of vector elements in the B-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the following parameters:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

B-T constant orifice area — Cross-sectional orifice area for constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Orifice area when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to either:
- Linear - area vs. spool travel
- Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel
One of the settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

B-T constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the B-T constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop or Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

B-T constant volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of pressure differential values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions include the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the B-T constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between table data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

B-T constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Vector of mass flow rate values over the valve when the positive and negative spool positions use the same orifice. The vector elements correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector parameter. List the values in ascending order. The block uses linear interpolation between the data points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
One of the settings in each parameter:
- Positive spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.
- Negative spool position open connections to P-A, B-T or P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T.

Note:

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T orifice settings appear in both the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters.

Faults

4-Way 2-Position Directional Valve Area fault — Option to model valve area fault
`Add fault`

Option to model a valve area fault in the block. To add a fault, click the Add fault hyperlink. When a fault occurs, the valve area normally set by the opening parameterization is set based on the value specified in the Spool position when faulted parameter.

Spool position when faulted — Faulted valve characteristics
`Positive` (default) | `Negative` | `Maintain last value`

Faulted valve spool position. You can choose for the valve to seize when the spool is in the positive position, negative position, or at the position when the fault triggers.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, enable faults for the block by clicking the Add fault hyperlink.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2024a

expand all

R2024b: Model faults with the Simscape faults interface

The 4-Way 2-Position Directional Valve (TL) block now supports the Simscape faults interface. To learn more, see Introduction to Simscape Faults.

R2022b: Right-click blocks to view opening characteristic plots

You can view the plot of the area or volumetric flow rate with respect to spool position for each orifice by right-clicking the block and selecting Fluids > Plot Valve Characteristics.

4-Way 2-Position Directional Valve (TL)

Description

Spool Displacement and Valve Configuration

Valve Orifice Parameterizations

Visualize Orifice Openings

Faults

Predefined Parameterization

Ports

Conserving

A — Entry or exit port thermal liquid

B — Entry or exit port thermal liquid

P — Entry or exit port thermal liquid

T — Entry or exit port thermal liquid

Input

S — Spool displacement, m physical signal

Parameters

Valve Configuration

Positive spool position open connections — Flow paths open when spool is in a positive position P-A, B-T (default) | P-A, P-B | P-B, A-T | P-A | P-B | P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Negative spool position open connections — Flow paths open when spool moves in the negative direction P-B, A-T (default) | P-A, B-T | P-A, P-B | P-A | P-B | P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T

Model Parameterization

Area characteristics — Flow equations for orifices Identical for all flow paths (default) | Different for each flow path

Orifice parameterization — Method of calculating opening area Linear area vs. spool travel (default) | Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel | Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop | Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop

Spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke 0.005 m (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area 1e-4 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Leakage area — Open area when orifice is fully closed 1e-10 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position [0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

Orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas [1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2 (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

Spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position [0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

Pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of valve pressure drop values [-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rates [-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; .00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s (default) | M-by-N matrix

Dependencies

Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rates [-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s (default) | M-by-N matrix

Dependencies

Reference inflow temperature — Temperature at which mass flow rate data is specified 293.15 K (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Reference inflow pressure — Pressure at which mass flow rate tabulated data is specified 0.101325 MPa (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Constant orifice area — Orifice area for identical flow paths 1e-4 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for identical flow paths [-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

Constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for identical flow paths [-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

Cross-sectional area at ports P, T, A and B — Area at conserving ports 0.01 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Discharge coefficient — Discharge coefficient 0.64 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Critical Reynolds number — Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow 150 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Smoothing factor — Numerical smoothing factor 0.01 (default) | positive scalar in the range of [0,1]

Dependencies

Pressure recovery — Whether to account for pressure increase in area expansions off (default) | on

Dependencies

P-A Orifice

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area — Spool offset for fully open P-A orifice 5e-3 m (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

P-A spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke 0.005 m (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

P-A maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area 1e-4 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

P-A orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position [0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

P-A orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas [1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2 (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position [0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure drop values [-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa (default) | 1-by-n vector

Dependencies

P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values [-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s (default) | M-by-N matrix

Dependencies

P-A orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values [-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s (default) | M-by-N matrix

Dependencies

P-A constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for constant orifice 1e-4 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

A — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

B — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

P — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

T — Entry or exit port
thermal liquid

S — Spool displacement, m
physical signal

Positive spool position open connections — Flow paths open when spool is in a positive position
`P-A, B-T` (default) | `P-A, P-B` | `P-B, A-T` | `P-A` | `P-B` | `P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T`

Negative spool position open connections — Flow paths open when spool moves in the negative direction
`P-B, A-T` (default) | `P-A, B-T` | `P-A, P-B` | `P-A` | `P-B` | `P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T`

Area characteristics — Flow equations for orifices
`Identical for all flow paths` (default) | `Different for each flow path`

Orifice parameterization — Method of calculating opening area
`Linear area vs. spool travel` (default) | `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel` | `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop` | `Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop`

Spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Leakage area — Open area when orifice is fully closed
`1e-10 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of valve pressure drop values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rates
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; .00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rates
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

Reference inflow temperature — Temperature at which mass flow rate data is specified
`293.15 K` (default) | positive scalar

Reference inflow pressure — Pressure at which mass flow rate tabulated data is specified
`0.101325 MPa` (default) | positive scalar

Constant orifice area — Orifice area for identical flow paths
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for identical flow paths
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for identical flow paths
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Cross-sectional area at ports P, T, A and B — Area at conserving ports
`0.01 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

Discharge coefficient — Discharge coefficient
`0.64` (default) | positive scalar

Critical Reynolds number — Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow
`150` (default) | positive scalar

Smoothing factor — Numerical smoothing factor
`0.01` (default) | positive scalar in the range of [0,1]

Pressure recovery — Whether to account for pressure increase in area expansions
`off` (default) | `on`

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area — Spool offset for fully open P-A orifice
`5e-3 m` (default) | positive scalar

P-A spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

P-A maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

P-A orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-A orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure drop values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

P-A orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

P-A constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

P-A constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-A constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-A constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area — Spool offset for fully open P-B orifice
`-5e-3` (default) | positive scalar

P-B spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

P-B maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

P-B orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-B orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure differential values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-byn vector

P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

P-B orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

P-B constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-B constant volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

P-B constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area — Spool offset for fully open A-T orifice
`-5e-3 m` (default) | positive scalar

A-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

A-T maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

A-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

A-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure differential values
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rate values
`[-1e-08, 2.2e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.4e-08; -9e-06, .00015, .0002, .00024; -.00036, .00063, .00081, .00096; -.00054, .00094, .0012, .0014; -.00091, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

A-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Array of mass flow rate values
`[-1e-05, 1.7e-05, 2e-05, 2.6e-05; -.009, .0035, .0045, .0053; -.36, .7, .9, 1.06; -.54, 1.96, 2.5, 3; -.91, 6, 7.7, 9.13] kg/s` (default) | M-by-N matrix

A-T constant orifice area — Cross-sectional area for a constant orifice
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

A-T constant orifice pressure drop vector — Vector of pressure differential values for constant orifice
`[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa` (default) | 1-by-n vector

A-T constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — Vector of volumetric flow rate values for constant orifice
`[-.0009, .0016, .002, .0024] m^3/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

A-T constant orifice mass flow rate vector — Vector of mass flow rates for constant orifice
`[-.9, 1.6, 2, 2.4] kg/s` (default) | 1-by-n vector

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area — Spool offset for fully open B-T orifice
`5e-3 m` (default) | positive scalar

B-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
`0.005 m` (default) | positive scalar

B-T maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
`1e-4 m^2` (default) | positive scalar

B-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of spool opening distances relative to fully closed position
`[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005] m` (default) | 1-by-n vector

B-T orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 6e-05, .0001] m^2` (default) | 1-by-n vector