创建常见的二维图

以下示例演示如何在 MATLAB® 中创建各种二维图。

plot 函数用来创建 x 和 y 值的简单线图。

x = 0:0.05:5;
y = sin(x.^2);
figure
plot(x,y)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line.

线图可显示多组 x 和 y 数据。

y1 = sin(x.^2);
y2 = cos(x.^2);
plot(x,y1,x,y2)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 2 objects of type line.

bar 函数用来创建垂直条形图。barh 函数用来创建水平条形图。

x = -2.9:0.2:2.9;
y = exp(-x.*x);
bar(x,y)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type bar.

stairs 函数用来创建阶梯图。它可以创建仅含 Y 值的阶梯图，或同时包含 x 和 y 值的阶梯图。

x = 0:0.25:10;
y = sin(x);
stairs(x,y)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type stair.

errorbar 函数用来绘制 x 和 y 值的线图并在每个观察点上叠加垂直误差条。若要指定误差条的大小，需要向 errorbar 函数传递一个额外的输入参量。

x = -2:0.1:2;
y = erf(x);
eb = rand(size(x))/7;
errorbar(x,y,eb)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type errorbar.

polarplot 函数用来绘制 theta 中的角度值（以弧度为单位）对 rho 中的半径值的极坐标图。

theta = 0:0.01:2*pi;
rho = abs(sin(2*theta).*cos(2*theta));
polarplot(theta,rho)

Figure contains an axes object with type polaraxes. The polaraxes object contains an object of type line.

stem 函数为每个通过竖线连接到一条公共基线的 x 和 y 值绘制一个标记。

x = 0:0.1:4;
y = sin(x.^2).*exp(-x);
stem(x,y)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type stem.

scatter 函数用来绘制 x 和 y 值的散点图。

load patients Height Weight Systolic
scatter(Height,Weight)
xlabel('Height')
ylabel('Weight')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Height, ylabel Weight contains an object of type scatter.

使用 scatter 函数的可选参量指定标记的大小和颜色。使用 colorbar 函数显示当前坐标区上的色阶。

scatter(Height,Weight,20,Systolic)
xlabel('Height')
ylabel('Weight')
colorbar

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Height, ylabel Weight contains an object of type scatter.

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