Narrowband Transmit Array

Narrowband transmit array

Libraries:
Phased Array System Toolbox / Transmitters and Receivers

Description

The Narrowband Transmit Array block generates narrowband plane waves in the far field of the array by adding the far-field radiated signals of each element. Think of the block output as the field at a reference distance from the element or from the center of the array.

Ports

Input

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X — Radiated signals
complex-valued M-by-1 vector | complex-valued M-by-N matrix

Radiate signals, specified as a complex-valued M-by-1 vector or complex-valued M-by-N matrix. M is the length of the signal, and N is the number of array elements (or subarrays when subarrays are supported).

Dimensions of X

Dimension	Signal
M-by-1 vector	The same signal is radiated from all array elements (or all subarrays when subarrays are supported).
`M-by-N matrix`	Each column corresponds to the signal radiated by the corresponding array element (or corresponding subarrays when subarrays are supported).

The size of the first dimension of the input matrix can vary to simulate a changing signal length. A size change can occur, for example, in the case of a pulse waveform with variable pulse repetition frequency.

Data Types: double
Complex Number Support: Yes

Ang — Input
real-valued 2-by-L matrix

Radiating directions of signals, specified as a real-valued 2-by-L matrix. Each column specifies a radiating direction in the form [AzimuthAngle;ElevationAngle]. The azimuth angle must lie between –180° and 180°, inclusive. The elevation angle must lie between –90° and 90°, inclusive. Units are in degrees.

Example: [30,20;45,0]

Data Types: double

W — Element or subarray weights
N-by-1 column vector

Element or subarray weights, specified as a complex-valued N-by-1 column vector where N is the number of array elements (or subarrays when the array supports subarrays).

Dependencies

To enable this port, select the Enable weights input check box.

Data Types: double

WS — Subarray element weights input port
complex-valued N_SE-by-N matrix | 1-by-N cell array

Subarray element weights, specified as complex-valued N_SE-by-N matrix or 1-by-N cell array where N is the number of subarrays. These weights are applied to the individual elements within a subarray.

Subarray element weights

Sensor Array Subarray weights

Replicated subarray

Sensor Array	Subarray weights
Replicated subarray	All subarrays have the same dimensions and sizes. Then, the subarray weights form an N_SE-by-N matrix. N_SE is the number of elements in each subarray and N is the number of subarrays. Each column of `WS` specifies the weights for the corresponding subarray.
Partitioned array	Subarrays may not have the same dimensions and sizes. In this case, you can specify subarray weights as an N_SE-by-N matrix, where N_SE is now the number of elements in the largest subarray. The first Q entries in each column are the element weights for the subarray where Q is the number of elements in the subarray. a 1-by-N cell array. Each cell contains a column vector of weights for the corresponding subarray. The column vectors have lengths equal to the number of elements in the corresponding subarray.

All subarrays have the same dimensions and sizes. Then, the subarray weights form an N_SE-by-N matrix. N_SE is the number of elements in each subarray and N is the number of subarrays. Each column of WS specifies the weights for the corresponding subarray.

Partitioned array

Subarrays may not have the same dimensions and sizes. In this case, you can specify subarray weights as

an N_SE-by-N matrix, where N_SE is now the number of elements in the largest subarray. The first Q entries in each column are the element weights for the subarray where Q is the number of elements in the subarray.
a 1-by-N cell array. Each cell contains a column vector of weights for the corresponding subarray. The column vectors have lengths equal to the number of elements in the corresponding subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this port, specify the Specify sensor array as parameter as Replicated subarray or Partitioned array and then select Custom from the Subarray steering method drop down menu.

Data Types: double

Steer — Input
real-valued 2-by-1 vector

Subarray steering angle, specified as a length-2 column vector. The vector has the form [azimuthAngle;elevationAngle]. The azimuth angle must be between –180° and 180°, inclusive. The elevation angle must be between –90° and 90°, inclusive. Units are in degrees.

Dependencies

To enable this port, select Phase or Time from the Subarray steering method pull down menu.

Data Types: double

Output

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Output 1 — Output
complex-valued M-by-L matrix

Radiated signals, specified as a complex-valued M-by-L matrix, where L is the number of radiating angles in Ang. M is the length of the input signal, X.

Data Types: double

Parameters

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Main Tab

Propagation speed (m/s) — Signal propagation speed
`physconst('LightSpeed')` (default) | positive scalar

Signal propagation speed, specified as a real-valued positive scalar. The default value of the speed of light is the value returned by physconst('LightSpeed').

Data Types: double

Operating frequency (Hz) — System operating frequency
`3e8` (default) | positive real scalar

System operating frequency, specified as a positive scalar. Units are in Hz.

Sensor gain measure — Specify sensor gain
`dB` (default) | `dBi`

Specify sensor gain measure as dB or dBi.

When you set this parameter to dB, the input signal power is scaled by the sensor power pattern (in dB) at the corresponding direction and then combined.
When you set this parameter to dBi, the input signal power is scaled by the directivity pattern (in dBi) at the corresponding direction and then combined. This option is useful when you want to compare results with the values computed by the radar equation that uses dBi to specify the antenna gain. The computation using the dBi option is expensive as it requires an integration over all directions to compute the total radiated power of the sensor. The default value is dB.

Enable weights input — Enable weights input
off (default) | on

Select this check box to specify array weights using the input port W. The input port appears only when this box is checked.

Simulate using — Block simulation method
`Interpreted Execution` (default) | `Code Generation`

Block simulation, specified as Interpreted Execution or Code Generation. If you want your block to use the MATLAB^® interpreter, choose Interpreted Execution. If you want your block to run as compiled code, choose Code Generation. Compiled code requires time to compile but usually runs faster.

Interpreted execution is useful when you are developing and tuning a model. The block runs the underlying System object™ in MATLAB. You can change and execute your model quickly. When you are satisfied with your results, you can then run the block using Code Generation. Long simulations run faster with generated code than in interpreted execution. You can run repeated executions without recompiling, but if you change any block parameters, then the block automatically recompiles before execution.

This table shows how the Simulate using parameter affects the overall simulation behavior.

When the Simulink^® model is in Accelerator mode, the block mode specified using Simulate using overrides the simulation mode.

Acceleration Modes

Block Simulation	Simulation Behavior
Block Simulation	`Normal`	`Accelerator`	`Rapid Accelerator`
`Interpreted Execution`	The block executes using the MATLAB interpreter.	The block executes using the MATLAB interpreter.	Creates a standalone executable from the model.
`Code Generation`	The block is compiled.	All blocks in the model are compiled.	Creates a standalone executable from the model.

For more information, see Choosing a Simulation Mode (Simulink).

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter:SimulateUsing

Type:enum

Values:

Interpreted
                        Execution

, Code Generation

Default:

Interpreted
                        Execution

Sensor Array Tab

Specify sensor array as — Method to specify array
`Array (no subarrays)` (default) | `Single element` | `Partitioned array` | `Replicated subarray` | `MATLAB expression`

Specify sensor element or sensor array. A sensor array can also contain subarrays or be a partitioned array. This parameter can also be expressed as a MATLAB expression.

Types

Single element

Array (no subarrays)

Partitioned array

Replicated subarray

MATLAB expression

Element Parameters

Element type — Array element types
`Isotropic Antenna` (default) | `Cardioid Antenna` | `Cosine Antenna` | `Custom Antenna` | `Gaussian Antenna` | `Sinc Antenna` | `Omni Microphone` | `Custom Microphone`

Antenna or microphone type, specified as one of the following:

Isotropic Antenna
Cardioid Antenna
Cosine Antenna
Custom Antenna
Gaussian Antenna
Sinc Antenna
Omni Microphone
Custom Microphone

Operating frequency range (Hz) — Operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element
`[0,1e20]` (default) | real-valued 1-by-2 row vector

Specify the operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element as a 1-by-2 row vector in the form [LowerBound,UpperBound]. The element has no response outside this frequency range. Frequency units are in Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna, or Omni Microphone.

Baffle the back of the element — Set back response of an `Isotropic Antenna` element or an `Omni Microphone` element to zero
off (default) | on

Select this check box to baffle the back response of the element. When back baffled, the responses at all azimuth angles beyond ±90° from broadside are set to zero. The broadside direction is defined as 0° azimuth angle and 0° elevation angle.

Dependencies

To enable this check box, set Element type to Isotropic Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Null axis direction — Null axis direction
`-x` (default) | `+x` | `+y` | `-y` | `+z` | `-z`

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Cardioid Antenna.

Exponent of cosine pattern — Exponents of azimuth and elevation cosine patterns
`[1.5 1.5]` (default) | nonnegative scalar | real-valued 1-by-2 matrix of nonnegative values

Specify the exponents of the cosine pattern as a nonnegative scalar or a real-valued 1-by-2 matrix of nonnegative values. When Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1-by-2 vector, the first element is the exponent in the azimuth direction and the second element is the exponent in the elevation direction. When you set this parameter to a scalar, both the azimuth direction and elevation direction cosine patterns are raised to the same power.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Cosine Antenna.

Operating frequency vector (Hz) — Operating frequency range of custom antenna or microphone elements
`[0,1e20]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Specify the frequencies at which to set antenna and microphone frequency responses as a 1-by-L row vector of increasing real values. The antenna or microphone element has no response outside the frequency range specified by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. Frequency units are in Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone. Use Frequency responses (dB) to set the responses at these frequencies.

Frequency responses (dB) — Antenna and microphone frequency response
`[0,0]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Frequency response of a custom antenna or custom microphone for the frequencies defined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter. The dimensions of Frequency responses (dB) must match the dimensions of the vector specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone.

Input Pattern Coordinate System — Coordinate system of custom antenna pattern
`az-el` (default) | `phi-theta`

Coordinate system of custom antenna pattern, specified az-el or phi-theta. When you specify az-el, use the Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) parameters to specify the coordinates of the pattern points. When you specify phi-theta, use the Phi angles (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters to specify the coordinates of the pattern points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

Azimuth angles (deg) — Azimuth angles of antenna radiation pattern
`[-180:180]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Specify the azimuth angles at which to calculate the antenna radiation pattern as a 1-by-P row vector. P must be greater than 2. Azimuth angles must lie between –180° and 180°, inclusive, and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Elevation angles (deg) — Elevation angles of antenna radiation pattern
`[-90:90]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Specify the elevation angles at which to compute the radiation pattern as a 1-by-Q vector. Q must be greater than 2. Angle units are in degrees. Elevation angles must lie between –90° and 90°, inclusive, and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Phi Angles (deg) — Phi angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern
`0:360` | real-valued 1-by-P row vector

Phi angles of points at which to specify the antenna radiation pattern, specify as a real-valued 1-by-P row vector. P must be greater than 2. Angle units are in degrees. Phi angles must lie between 0° and 360° and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Theta Angles (deg) — Theta angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern
`0:180` | real-valued 1-by-Q row vector

Theta angles of points at which to specify the antenna radiation pattern, specify as a real-valued 1-by-Q row vector. Q must be greater than 2. Angle units are in degrees. Theta angles must lie between 0° and 360° and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Magnitude pattern (dB) — Magnitude of combined antenna radiation pattern
`zeros(181,361)` (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Magnitude of the combined antenna radiation pattern, specified as a Q-by-P matrix or a Q-by-P-by-L array.

When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.
When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The quantity L equals the length of the Operating frequency vector (Hz).

If this parameter is a Q-by-P matrix, the same pattern is applied to all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.
If the value is a Q-by-P-by-L array, each Q-by-P page of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

Phase pattern (deg) — Custom antenna radiation phase pattern
`zeros(181,361)` (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Phase of the combined antenna radiation pattern, specified as a Q-by-P matrix or a Q-by-P-by-L array.

When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.
When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The quantity L equals the length of the Operating frequency vector (Hz).

If this parameter is a Q-by-P matrix, the same pattern is applied to all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.
If the value is a Q-by-P-by-L array, each Q-by-P page of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

Align element normal with array normal — Align element normal with array normal
on (default) | off

Dependencies

This parameter is enabled when Element type is set to Custom Antenna.

Radiation pattern beamwidth (deg) — Radiation pattern beamwidth
`[10,10]` (default)

Dependencies

This parameter is enabled when Element type is set to Gaussian Antenna.

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) — Polar pattern microphone response frequencies
1e3 (default) | real scalar | real-valued 1-by-L row vector

Polar pattern microphone response frequencies, specified as a real scalar, or a real-valued, 1-by-L vector. The response frequencies lie within the frequency range specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type set to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern angles (deg) — Polar pattern response angles
`[-180:180]` (default) | real-valued -by-P row vector

Specify the polar pattern response angles, as a 1-by-P vector. The angles are measured from the central pickup axis of the microphone and must be between –180° and 180°, inclusive.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern (dB) — Custom microphone polar response
`zeros(1,361)` (default) | real-valued L-by-P matrix

Specify the magnitude of the custom microphone element polar patterns as an L-by-P matrix. L is the number of frequencies specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). P is the number of angles specified in Polar pattern angles (deg). Each row of the matrix represents the magnitude of the polar pattern measured at the corresponding frequency specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) and all angles specified in Polar pattern angles (deg). The pattern is measured in the azimuth plane. In the azimuth plane, the elevation angle is 0° and the central pickup axis is 0° degrees azimuth and 0° degrees elevation. The polar pattern is symmetric around the central axis. You can construct the microphone response pattern in 3-D space from the polar pattern.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Microphone.

Array Parameters

Geometry — Array geometry
`ULA` (default) | `URA` | `UCA` | `Conformal Array`

Array geometry, specified as one of

ULA — Uniform linear array
URA — Uniform rectangular array
UCA — Uniform circular array
Conformal Array — arbitrary element positions

Number of elements — Number of array elements
`2` for ULA arrays and `5` for UCA arrays (default) | integer greater than or equal to 2

The number of array elements for ULA or UCA arrays, specified as an integer greater than or equal to 2.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to ULA or UCA.

Array size — Dimensions of URA array
`[2,2]` (default) | positive integer | 1-by-2 vector of positive integers

Dimensions of a URA array, specified as a positive integer or 1-by-2 vector of positive integers.

If Array size is a 1-by-2 vector, the vector has the form [NumberOfArrayRows,NumberOfArrayColumns].
If Array size is an integer, the array has the same number of rows and columns.
When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

For a URA, array elements are indexed from top to bottom along the leftmost column, and then continue to the next columns from left to right. In this figure, the Array size value of [3,2] creates an array having three rows and two columns.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to URA.

Element spacing (m) — Spacing between array elements
`0.5` for ULA arrays and `[0.5,0.5]` for URA arrays (default) | positive scalar for ULA or URA arrays | 2-element vector of positive values for URA arrays

Spacing between adjacent array elements:

ULA — specify the spacing between two adjacent elements in the array as a positive scalar.
URA — specify the spacing as a positive scalar or a 1-by-2 vector of positive values. If Element spacing (m) is a scalar, the row and column spacings are equal. If Element spacing (m) is a vector, the vector has the form [SpacingBetweenArrayRows,SpacingBetweenArrayColumns].
When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to ULA or URA.

Array axis — Linear axis direction of ULA
`y` (default) | `x` | `z`

Linear axis direction of ULA, specified as y, x, or z. All ULA array elements are uniformly spaced along this axis in the local array coordinate system.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to ULA.
This parameter is also enabled when the block only supports ULA arrays.

Element lattice — Lattice of URA element positions
`Rectangular` (default) | `Triangular`

Lattice of URA element positions, specified as Rectangular or Triangular.

Rectangular — Aligns all the elements in row and column directions.
Triangular — Shifts the even-row elements of a rectangular lattice toward the positive row-axis direction. The displacement is one-half the element spacing along the row dimension.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to URA.

Array normal — Array normal direction
`x` for URA arrays or `z` for UCA arrays (default) | `y`

Array normal direction, specified as x, y, or z.

Elements of planar arrays lie in a plane orthogonal to the selected array normal direction. Element boresight directions point along the array normal direction.

Array Normal Parameter Value	Element Positions and Boresight Directions
`x`	Array elements lie in the yz-plane. All element boresight vectors point along the x-axis.
`y`	Array elements lie in the zx-plane. All element boresight vectors point along the y-axis.
`z`	Array elements lie in the xy-plane. All element boresight vectors point along the z-axis.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to URA or UCA.

Radius of UCA (m) — UCA array radius
0.5 (default) | positive scalar

Radius of UCA array, specified as a positive scalar.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to UCA.

Element positions (m) — Positions of conformal array elements
`[0;0;0]` (default) | 3-by-Nmatrix of real values

Positions of the elements in a conformal array, specified as a 3-by-N matrix of real values, where N is the number of elements in the conformal array. Each column of this matrix represents the position [x;y;z]of an array element in the array local coordinate system. The origin of the local coordinate system is (0,0,0). Units are in meters.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter set Geometry to Conformal Array.

Element normals (deg) — Direction of conformal array element normal vectors
`[0;0]` | 2-by-1 column vector | 2-by-N matrix

Direction of element normal vectors in a conformal array, specified as a 2-by-1 column vector or a 2-by-N matrix. N indicates the number of elements in the array. For a matrix, each column specifies the normal direction of the corresponding element in the form [azimuth;elevation] with respect to the local coordinate system. The local coordinate system aligns the positive x-axis with the direction normal to the conformal array. If the parameter value is a 2-by-1 column vector, the same pointing direction is used for all array elements.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

You can use the Element positions (m) and Element normals (deg) parameters to represent any arrangement in which pairs of elements differ by certain transformations. The transformations can combine translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation about the normal direction.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to Conformal Array.

Taper — Array element tapers
1 (default) | complex-valued scalar | complex-valued row vector

Element tapering, specified as a complex-valued scalar or a complex-valued 1-by-N row vector. In this vector, N represents the number of elements in the array.

Also known as element weights, tapers multiply the array element responses. Tapers modify both amplitude and phase of the response to reduce side lobes or steer the main response axis.

If Taper is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, a weight from the vector is applied to the corresponding sensor element. The number of weights must match the number of elements of the array.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Subarray definition matrix — Define elements belonging to subarrays
logical matrix

Specify the subarray selection as an M-by-N matrix. M is the number of subarrays and N is the total number of elements in the array. Each row of the matrix represents a subarray and each entry in the row indicates when an element belongs to the subarray. When the entry is zero, the element does not belong the subarray. A nonzero entry represents a complex-valued weight applied to the corresponding element. Each row must contain at least one nonzero entry.

The phase center of each subarray lies at the subarray geometric center. The subarray geometric center depends on the Subarray definition matrix and Geometry parameters.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Specify sensor array as to Partitioned array.

Subarray steering method — Specify subarray steering method
`None` (default) | `Phase` | `Time`

Subarray steering method, specified as one of

None
Phase
Time
Custom

Selecting Phase or Time opens the Steer input port on the Narrowband Receive Array, Narrowband Transmit Array, Wideband Receive Array, Wideband Transmit Array blocks, Constant Gamma Clutter, and GPU Constant Gamma Clutter blocks.

Selecting Custom opens the WS input port on the Narrowband Receive Array, Narrowband Transmit Array, Wideband Receive Array, Wideband Transmit Array blocks, Constant Gamma Clutter, and GPU Constant Gamma Clutter blocks.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Specify sensor array as to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray.

Phase shifter frequency (Hz) — Subarray phase shifting frequency
`3.0e8` (default) | positive real-valued scalar

Operating frequency of subarray steering phase shifters, specified as a positive real-valued scalar. Units are Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set Subarray steering method to Phase.

Number of bits in phase shifters — Subarray steering phase shift quantization bits
`0` (default) | non-negative integer

Subarray steering phase shift quantization bits, specified as a non-negative integer. A value of zero indicates that no quantization is performed.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set Subarray steering method to Phase.

Subarrays layout — Subarray position specification
`Rectangular` (default) | `Custom`

Specify the layout of replicated subarrays as Rectangular or Custom.

When you set this parameter to Rectangular, use the Grid size and Grid spacing parameters to place the subarrays.
When you set this parameter to Custom, use the Subarray positions (m) and Subarray normals parameters to place the subarrays.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray

Grid size — Dimensions of rectangular subarray grid
`[1,2]` (default)

Rectangular subarray grid size, specified as a single positive integer, or a 1-by-2 row vector of positive integers.

If Grid size is an integer scalar, the array has an equal number of subarrays in each row and column. If Grid size is a 1-by-2 vector of the form [NumberOfRows, NumberOfColumns], the first entry is the number of subarrays along each column. The second entry is the number of subarrays in each row. A row is along the local y-axis, and a column is along the local z-axis. The figure here shows how you can replicate a 3-by-2 URA subarray using a Grid size of [1,2].

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray and Subarrays layout to Rectangular.

Grid spacing (m) — Spacing between subarrays on rectangular grid
`Auto` (default) | positive real-valued scalar | 1-by-2 vector of positive real-values

The rectangular grid spacing of subarrays, specified as a positive, real-valued scalar, a 1-by-2 row vector of positive, real-values, or Auto. Units are in meters.

If Grid spacing is a scalar, the spacing along the row and the spacing along the column is the same.
If Grid spacing is a 1-by-2 row vector, the vector has the form [SpacingBetweenRows,SpacingBetweenColumn]. The first entry specifies the spacing between rows along a column. The second entry specifies the spacing between columns along a row.
If Grid spacing is set to Auto, replication preserves the element spacing of the subarray for both rows and columns while building the full array. This option is available only when you specify Geometry as ULA or URA.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray and Subarrays layout to Rectangular.

Subarray positions (m) — Positions of subarrays
`[0,0;0.5,0.5;0,0]` (default) | 3-by-N real-valued matrix

Positions of the subarrays in the custom grid, specified as a real 3-by-N matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix represents the position of a single subarray in the array local coordinate system. The coordinates are expressed in the form [x; y; z]. Units are in meters.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray and Subarrays layout to Custom.

Subarray normals — Direction of subarray normal vectors
`[0,0;0,0]` (default) | 2-by-N real matrix

Specify the normal directions of the subarrays in the array. This parameter value is a 2-by-N matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix specifies the normal direction of the corresponding subarray, in the form [azimuth;elevation]. Angle units are in degrees. Angles are defined with respect to the local coordinate system.

You can use the Subarray positions and Subarray normals parameters to represent any arrangement in which pairs of subarrays differ by certain transformations. The transformations can combine translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation about the normal.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout to Custom.

Expression — MATLAB expression used to create an array
Phased Array System Toolbox™ array System object

MATLAB expression used to create an array, specified as a valid Phased Array System Toolbox array System object.

Example: phased.URA('Size',[5,3])

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Specify sensor array as to MATLAB expression.

Analyze — Launch Sensor Array Analyzer
(default)

Clicking the Analyze button launches the Sensor Array Analyzer app. The app lets you examine important array properties such as array response and array geometry.

Version History

Introduced in R2014b

Narrowband Transmit Array

Description

Ports

Input

X — Radiated signals complex-valued M-by-1 vector | complex-valued M-by-N matrix

Ang — Input real-valued 2-by-L matrix

W — Element or subarray weights N-by-1 column vector

Dependencies

WS — Subarray element weights input port complex-valued NSE-by-N matrix | 1-by-N cell array

Dependencies

Steer — Input real-valued 2-by-1 vector

Dependencies

Output

Output 1 — Output complex-valued M-by-L matrix

Parameters

Main Tab

Propagation speed (m/s) — Signal propagation speed physconst('LightSpeed') (default) | positive scalar

Operating frequency (Hz) — System operating frequency 3e8 (default) | positive real scalar

Sensor gain measure — Specify sensor gain dB (default) | dBi

Enable weights input — Enable weights input off (default) | on

Simulate using — Block simulation method Interpreted Execution (default) | Code Generation

Programmatic Use

Sensor Array Tab

Specify sensor array as — Method to specify array Array (no subarrays) (default) | Single element | Partitioned array | Replicated subarray | MATLAB expression

Element type — Array element types Isotropic Antenna (default) | Cardioid Antenna | Cosine Antenna | Custom Antenna | Gaussian Antenna | Sinc Antenna | Omni Microphone | Custom Microphone

Operating frequency range (Hz) — Operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element [0,1e20] (default) | real-valued 1-by-2 row vector

Dependencies

Baffle the back of the element — Set back response of an Isotropic Antenna element or an Omni Microphone element to zero off (default) | on

Dependencies

Null axis direction — Null axis direction -x (default) | +x | +y | -y | +z | -z

Dependencies

Exponent of cosine pattern — Exponents of azimuth and elevation cosine patterns [1.5 1.5] (default) | nonnegative scalar | real-valued 1-by-2 matrix of nonnegative values

Dependencies

Operating frequency vector (Hz) — Operating frequency range of custom antenna or microphone elements [0,1e20] (default) | real-valued row vector

Dependencies

Frequency responses (dB) — Antenna and microphone frequency response [0,0] (default) | real-valued row vector

Dependencies

Input Pattern Coordinate System — Coordinate system of custom antenna pattern az-el (default) | phi-theta

Dependencies

Azimuth angles (deg) — Azimuth angles of antenna radiation pattern [-180:180] (default) | real-valued row vector

Dependencies

Elevation angles (deg) — Elevation angles of antenna radiation pattern [-90:90] (default) | real-valued row vector

Dependencies

Phi Angles (deg) — Phi angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern 0:360 | real-valued 1-by-P row vector

Dependencies

Theta Angles (deg) — Theta angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern 0:180 | real-valued 1-by-Q row vector

Dependencies

Magnitude pattern (dB) — Magnitude of combined antenna radiation pattern zeros(181,361) (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Dependencies

Phase pattern (deg) — Custom antenna radiation phase pattern zeros(181,361) (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Dependencies

Align element normal with array normal — Align element normal with array normal on (default) | off

Dependencies

Radiation pattern beamwidth (deg) — Radiation pattern beamwidth [10,10] (default)

Dependencies

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) — Polar pattern microphone response frequencies 1e3 (default) | real scalar | real-valued 1-by-L row vector

Dependencies

Polar pattern angles (deg) — Polar pattern response angles [-180:180] (default) | real-valued -by-P row vector

Dependencies

Polar pattern (dB) — Custom microphone polar response zeros(1,361) (default) | real-valued L-by-P matrix

Dependencies

Geometry — Array geometry ULA (default) | URA | UCA | Conformal Array

Number of elements — Number of array elements 2 for ULA arrays and 5 for UCA arrays (default) | integer greater than or equal to 2

Dependencies

Array size — Dimensions of URA array [2,2] (default) | positive integer | 1-by-2 vector of positive integers

Dependencies

Element spacing (m) — Spacing between array elements 0.5 for ULA arrays and [0.5,0.5] for URA arrays (default) | positive scalar for ULA or URA arrays | 2-element vector of positive values for URA arrays

Dependencies

Array axis — Linear axis direction of ULA y (default) | x | z

Dependencies

Element lattice — Lattice of URA element positions Rectangular (default) | Triangular

Dependencies

Array normal — Array normal direction x for URA arrays or z for UCA arrays (default) | y

Dependencies

Radius of UCA (m) — UCA array radius 0.5 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Element positions (m) — Positions of conformal array elements [0;0;0] (default) | 3-by-Nmatrix of real values

Dependencies

Element normals (deg) — Direction of conformal array element normal vectors [0;0] | 2-by-1 column vector | 2-by-N matrix

Dependencies

X — Radiated signals
complex-valued M-by-1 vector | complex-valued M-by-N matrix

Ang — Input
real-valued 2-by-L matrix

W — Element or subarray weights
N-by-1 column vector

WS — Subarray element weights input port
complex-valued N_SE-by-N matrix | 1-by-N cell array

Steer — Input
real-valued 2-by-1 vector

Output 1 — Output
complex-valued M-by-L matrix

Propagation speed (m/s) — Signal propagation speed
`physconst('LightSpeed')` (default) | positive scalar

Operating frequency (Hz) — System operating frequency
`3e8` (default) | positive real scalar

Sensor gain measure — Specify sensor gain
`dB` (default) | `dBi`

Enable weights input — Enable weights input
off (default) | on

Simulate using — Block simulation method
`Interpreted Execution` (default) | `Code Generation`

Specify sensor array as — Method to specify array
`Array (no subarrays)` (default) | `Single element` | `Partitioned array` | `Replicated subarray` | `MATLAB expression`

Element type — Array element types
`Isotropic Antenna` (default) | `Cardioid Antenna` | `Cosine Antenna` | `Custom Antenna` | `Gaussian Antenna` | `Sinc Antenna` | `Omni Microphone` | `Custom Microphone`

Operating frequency range (Hz) — Operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element
`[0,1e20]` (default) | real-valued 1-by-2 row vector

Baffle the back of the element — Set back response of an `Isotropic Antenna` element or an `Omni Microphone` element to zero
off (default) | on

Null axis direction — Null axis direction
`-x` (default) | `+x` | `+y` | `-y` | `+z` | `-z`

Exponent of cosine pattern — Exponents of azimuth and elevation cosine patterns
`[1.5 1.5]` (default) | nonnegative scalar | real-valued 1-by-2 matrix of nonnegative values

Operating frequency vector (Hz) — Operating frequency range of custom antenna or microphone elements
`[0,1e20]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Frequency responses (dB) — Antenna and microphone frequency response
`[0,0]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Input Pattern Coordinate System — Coordinate system of custom antenna pattern
`az-el` (default) | `phi-theta`

Azimuth angles (deg) — Azimuth angles of antenna radiation pattern
`[-180:180]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Elevation angles (deg) — Elevation angles of antenna radiation pattern
`[-90:90]` (default) | real-valued row vector

Phi Angles (deg) — Phi angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern
`0:360` | real-valued 1-by-P row vector

Theta Angles (deg) — Theta angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern
`0:180` | real-valued 1-by-Q row vector

Magnitude pattern (dB) — Magnitude of combined antenna radiation pattern
`zeros(181,361)` (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Phase pattern (deg) — Custom antenna radiation phase pattern
`zeros(181,361)` (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Align element normal with array normal — Align element normal with array normal
on (default) | off

Radiation pattern beamwidth (deg) — Radiation pattern beamwidth
`[10,10]` (default)

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) — Polar pattern microphone response frequencies
1e3 (default) | real scalar | real-valued 1-by-L row vector

Polar pattern angles (deg) — Polar pattern response angles
`[-180:180]` (default) | real-valued -by-P row vector

Polar pattern (dB) — Custom microphone polar response
`zeros(1,361)` (default) | real-valued L-by-P matrix

Geometry — Array geometry
`ULA` (default) | `URA` | `UCA` | `Conformal Array`

Number of elements — Number of array elements
`2` for ULA arrays and `5` for UCA arrays (default) | integer greater than or equal to 2

Array size — Dimensions of URA array
`[2,2]` (default) | positive integer | 1-by-2 vector of positive integers

Element spacing (m) — Spacing between array elements
`0.5` for ULA arrays and `[0.5,0.5]` for URA arrays (default) | positive scalar for ULA or URA arrays | 2-element vector of positive values for URA arrays

Array axis — Linear axis direction of ULA
`y` (default) | `x` | `z`

Element lattice — Lattice of URA element positions
`Rectangular` (default) | `Triangular`

Array normal — Array normal direction
`x` for URA arrays or `z` for UCA arrays (default) | `y`

Radius of UCA (m) — UCA array radius
0.5 (default) | positive scalar

Element positions (m) — Positions of conformal array elements
`[0;0;0]` (default) | 3-by-Nmatrix of real values

Element normals (deg) — Direction of conformal array element normal vectors
`[0;0]` | 2-by-1 column vector | 2-by-N matrix

Taper — Array element tapers
1 (default) | complex-valued scalar | complex-valued row vector

Subarray definition matrix — Define elements belonging to subarrays
logical matrix

Subarray steering method — Specify subarray steering method
`None` (default) | `Phase` | `Time`

Phase shifter frequency (Hz) — Subarray phase shifting frequency
`3.0e8` (default) | positive real-valued scalar

Number of bits in phase shifters — Subarray steering phase shift quantization bits
`0` (default) | non-negative integer

Subarrays layout — Subarray position specification
`Rectangular` (default) | `Custom`

Grid size — Dimensions of rectangular subarray grid
`[1,2]` (default)

Grid spacing (m) — Spacing between subarrays on rectangular grid
`Auto` (default) | positive real-valued scalar | 1-by-2 vector of positive real-values

Subarray positions (m) — Positions of subarrays
`[0,0;0.5,0.5;0,0]` (default) | 3-by-N real-valued matrix

Subarray normals — Direction of subarray normal vectors
`[0,0;0,0]` (default) | 2-by-N real matrix

Expression — MATLAB expression used to create an array
Phased Array System Toolbox™ array System object

Analyze — Launch Sensor Array Analyzer
(default)