AC5A Excitation System

Implements IEEE type AC5A excitation system model

Library

Simscape / Electrical / Specialized Power Systems / Electrical Machines / Synchronous Machine Control

Description

This block models a simplified brushless excitation system where the regulator is supplied from a permanent magnet generator. This model is good to represent simplified systems with rotating rectifiers.

Controllers Tab

Low-pass filter time constant: The time constant Tr of the first-order system representing the stator terminal voltage transducer. Default is 20e-3.
Voltage regulator gain and time constant: The gain Ka and time constant Ta of the first-order system representing the main regulator. Default is [100 0.02].
Voltage regulator output limits: The voltage regulator output limits VRmin and VRmax, in p.u. Default is [-7.3 7.3].
Damping filter gain and time constants: The gain Kf and time constants Tf1, Tf, and Tf3 of the second-order system representing the derivative feedback. Default is [0.03 1 0 0].

Exciter and Rectifier Tab

Exciter gain and time constant

The gain Ke and time constant Te of the first-order system representing the exciter. Default is [1.0 0.02].

Field voltage values

The exciter saturation function is defined as a multiplier of exciter alternator output voltage to represent the increase in exciter excitation requirements due to saturation [1]. The saturation function is determined by specifying two voltage points, Efd1 and Efd2 in p.u., on the air-gap line and constant resistance load saturation curve and providing the corresponding two saturation multipliers SeEfd1 and SeEfd2. Default is [5.6 0.75*5.6].

Typically, the voltage Efd1 is a value near the exciter expected maximum output voltage, Efd2 value is about 75% of Efd1.

Exciter saturation function values

The exciter saturation function is defined as a multiplier of exciter alternator output voltage to represent the increase in exciter excitation requirements due to saturation [1]. The saturation function is determined by specifying two voltage points, Efd1 and Efd2 in p.u., on the air-gap line and Constant Resistance Load saturation curve, and providing the corresponding two saturation multipliers SeEfd1 and SeEfd2. Default is [0.86 0.5].

SeEfd1 and SeEfd2 multipliers are equal to A-B / B, A is the value of exciter field current on the Constant Resistance Load saturation curve corresponding to the selected Efd voltage, and B is the value of exciter field current on the air-gap line corresponding to the selected Efd voltage.

If you do not want to model the saturation effect, set SeVe1 and SeVe2 values to zero.

Initial Values Tab

Initial values of terminal voltage and field voltage: The initial values of terminal voltage Vt0 and field voltage Efd0, both in p.u. Initial terminal voltage is normally set to 1 pu. The Vt0 and Efd0 values can be determined using the Powergui Load Flow tool. Default is [1 1].
Sample time: Specify a value greater than zero to discretize the block at the given sample time. Set to -1 to inherit the simulation type and sample time parameters of the Powergui block. Default is 0.

Ports

Vref: The reference value of the stator terminal voltage, in p.u.
Vt: The measured value in p.u. of the stator terminal voltage of the controlled Synchronous Machine block.
Vstab: Connect this input to a power system stabilizer to provide additional stabilization of power system oscillations. When you do not use this option, connect to a Simulink^® ground block. The input is in p.u.
Efd: The field voltage to apply to the Vf input of the controlled Synchronous Machine block. The output is in p.u.

References

[1] “IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies.” IEEE Standard, Vol. 421, No. 5, 2005 (Revision of IEEE 521.5-1992).