fsolve is a numerical solver - use vpasolve instead:
syms A B C t0
eq1 = A*sin(2*B*pi*0.2 + 2*B*pi*(0 - t0)^2)+C - sin(2*pi*0.2);
eq2 = A*sin(2*B*pi*0.4 + 2*B*pi*(0 - t0)^2)+C - sin(2*pi*0.4);
eq3 = A*sin(2*B*pi*0.5 + 2*B*pi*(0 - t0)^2)+C - sin(2*pi*0.5);
eq4 = A*sin(2*B*pi*0.7 + 2*B*pi*(-t0)^2)+C - sin(2*pi*0.7);
result = vpasolve([eq1,eq2,eq3,eq4]);
A = result.A
B = result.B
C = result.C
t0 = result.t0
I allowed myself to replace 3.1416 by pi