This can be caused by multiple things, including the following:
It is often advised not to run GUI programs on Linux as the root user. If you must run the installer as the root user and are unable to do so, please visit this MATLAB Answers post to resolve the issue.
Under normal conditions, supported Linux distributions should have all the libraries needed in the Operating System to run MATLAB and the installer. However, for a variety of reasons, some may be missing on your computer. To ensure that you have the correct libraries installed with your supported Linux distribution, navigate into the folder the installer is in, then the "bin" folder, and then the "glnxa64" folder. In this folder, there is an application called MATLABWindow. If you launch this program with ./MATLABWindow and you are missing libraries, you will see those missing libraries appear in the error message. Use your Linux distribution's package manager to install the missing libraries (such as apt, dnf, yum, or pacman.) If you are unsure what packages include the library you are missing, use your distribution's package search to find a package that contains the library you are missing. For example, if you are missing "libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0" on Ubuntu, use Ubuntu's package search site to search for the appropriate package, and then install it with "sudo apt install libgtk2.0-0".
Make sure the user running MATLAB has permissions to access and execute folders and files from MATLAB's installation directory.
Make sure that you have display forwarding setup and/or a display environment variable setup. This will vary depending on your Linux distribution, displaying forwarding method, and how you are connecting to the Linux machine. If you already have display forwarding setup, try running "export DISPLAY=:0" in Terminal.
