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comm.FSKDemodulator

Demodulate using M-ary FSK method

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Description

The comm.FSKDemodulator System object™ noncoherently demodulates a signal that was modulated using the M-ary frequency shift keying (M-FSK) method. The input is a baseband representation of the modulated signal. The input and output for this object are discrete-time signals. For more information, see Algorithms.

To demodulate a signal that was modulated using frequency shift keying:

  1. Create the comm.FSKDemodulator object and set its properties.

  2. Call the object with arguments, as if it were a function.

To learn more about how System objects work, see What Are System Objects?

Creation

Syntax

fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator
fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator(Name=Value)
fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator(M,freqSep,RS,Name=Value)

Description

fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator creates a demodulator System object that demodulates an M-FSK modulated signal by using a noncoherent energy detector.

example

fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator(Name=Value) creates an FSK demodulator object and sets properties using one or more name-value arguments. For example, comm.FSKDemodulator(BitOutput=true) configures the object to return binary output values.

fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator(M,freqSep,RS,Name=Value) creates an M-FSK demodulator object with the ModulationOrder property set to M, the FrequencySeparation property set to freqSep, the SymbolRate property set to RS, and optional name-value arguments.

Properties

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Unless otherwise indicated, properties are nontunable, which means you cannot change their values after calling the object. Objects lock when you call them, and the release function unlocks them.

If a property is tunable, you can change its value at any time.

For more information on changing property values, see System Design in MATLAB Using System Objects.

Number of frequencies in the modulated signal, specified as a positive integer ≥ 2.

Note

The modulation order, M, must be a power of two, such that M = 2K, where K is a positive integer when you set SymbolMapping to 'Gray' or you set BitOutput to true.

Data Types: double

Option to provide the output as integers or groups of bit values, specified as a numeric or logical 0 (false) or 1 (true).

Data Types: logical

Symbol encoding mapping, specified as 'Gray' or 'Binary'. Each integer or group of log2(M) bits corresponds to one symbol. M represents the value of the ModulationOrder property.

  • When you set this property to 'Gray', the object maps symbols to a Gray-encoded ordering.

  • When you set this property to 'Binary', the object maps symbols to a natural binary-encoded ordering.

For either type of mapping, the object maps the lowest frequency to the integer 0 and maps the highest frequency to the integer (M – 1). In baseband simulation, the lowest frequency is the negative frequency with the largest absolute value.

Frequency separation between successive tones in the modulated signal in hertz, specified as a positive scalar value. For more information, see Avoid Output Signal Aliasing.

Data Types: double

Number of samples per input symbol, specified as positive integer. For more information, see Avoid Output Signal Aliasing.

Data Types: double

Symbol rate in symbols per second, specified as a positive scalar. The symbol duration remains the same, regardless of whether the output signal is bits or integers. For more information, see Avoid Output Signal Aliasing.

Data Types: double

Data type of output, specified as one of "double", "logical", "int8", "uint8", "int16", "uint16", "int32", or "uint32".

  • When you set the BitOutput property to false and the ModulationOrder property to 2, you can set this property to "logical".

  • When you set the BitOutput property to true, the output data type must be set to "logical" or "double".

Usage

Syntax

Y = fskdemodulator(X)

Description

Y = fskdemodulator(X) demodulates the input signal by using the M-FSK method.

example

Input Arguments

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Modulated input signal, specified as a column vector. The length of X must be an integer multiple of the SamplesPerSymbol property value.

Data Types: double | single

Output Arguments

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Output signal, returned as an integer or bit-valued column vector.

  • When you set BitOutput to false, the object returns an N / NSPS-by-1 vector. N is the length of the input signal x and NSPS is the value of the SamplesPerSymbol property. The elements of the output vector are integers in the range [0, (M – 1)]. M represents the value of the ModulationOrder property.

  • When you set BitOutput to true, the object returns a column vector of length equal to N × log2(M). The output vector contains bit representations of integers in the range [0, (M – 1)]. Groups of log2(M) bits are mapped onto a symbol, with the first bit representing the MSB and the last bit representing the LSB.

The OutputDataType property specifies the data type of the output.

Object Functions

To use an object function, specify the System object as the first input argument. For example, to release system resources of a System object named obj, use this syntax:

release(obj)

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stepRun System object algorithm
releaseRelease resources and allow changes to System object property values and input characteristics
resetReset internal states of System object

Examples

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Open Live Script

Modulate and demodulate a signal using 8-FSK modulation with a frequency separation of 100 Hz.

Create FSK modulator and demodulator System objects with modulation order 8 and 100 Hz frequency separation.

M = 8;
freqSep = 100;
fskmodulator = comm.FSKModulator(M,freqSep);
fskdemodulator = comm.FSKDemodulator(M,freqSep);

Create an additive white Gaussian noise channel with a signal-to-noise ratio of -2 dB.

awgnchan = comm.AWGNChannel( ...
    NoiseMethod="Signal to noise ratio (SNR)", ...
    SNR=-2);

Create an error rate calculator object.

errRate = comm.ErrorRate;

Transmit one hundred 50-symbol frames using 8-FSK modulation in an AWGN channel.

for counter = 1:100
    data = randi([0 M-1],50,1);
    modSignal = fskmodulator(data);
    noisySignal = awgnchan(modSignal);
    receivedData = fskdemodulator(noisySignal);
    errorStats = errRate(data,receivedData);
end

Display the error statistics.

es1 = 'Error rate = %4.2e\n';
es2 = 'Number of errors = %d\n';
es3 = 'Number of symbols = %d\n';
fprintf([es1 es2 es3],errorStats)
Error rate = 1.40e-02
Number of errors = 70
Number of symbols = 5000
Open Live Script

The FSK modulator System object can be configured to modulate data input as integer values or as binary values. The FSK demodulator System object can be configured to demodulate symbols and output as integer values or as binary values. Each integer or group of log2(M) bits corresponds to one symbol. M represents the value of the ModulationOrder property. Compute the expected signal lengths for input and output of FSK modulation and demodulation of the integer and binary signals. Display the resulting signal lengths for input and output of the FSK modulated and demodulated integer and binary signals.

Define variable to use when configuring FSK modulator and demodulator objects.

M = 8;         % Modulation order   
freqSep = 100; % Frequency separation
nspf = 21;     % Number of samples per frame
sps = 10;      % Samples per symbol

fskmod_bit = comm.FSKModulator(M,freqSep, ...
    BitInput=true, ...
    SamplesPerSymbol=sps);
fskmod_bif = comm.FSKModulator(M,freqSep, ...
    BitInput=false, ...
    SamplesPerSymbol=sps);
fskdemod_bot = comm.FSKDemodulator(M,freqSep, ...
    BitOutput=true, ...
    SamplesPerSymbol=sps);
fskdemod_bof = comm.FSKDemodulator(M,freqSep, ...
    BitOutput=false, ...
    SamplesPerSymbol=sps);

Generate integer data and modulate data by using an FSK modulator object configured to accept bit data (BitInput=true).

bindata = randi([0 1],nspf*M,1);
modSignal = fskmod_bit(bindata);

Demodulate the data, and then output binary data from the first demodulator object and integer data from the second demodulator. Compute the expected and resulting input and output signal lengths.

rxData_bot = fskdemod_bot(modSignal);
rxData_bof = fskdemod_bof(modSignal);

Compute expected input and output lengths for a binary input signal.

Nbit = length(bindata);
Nsym = sps*length(bindata)/log2(M);
Nbot = (length(modSignal)/sps)*log2(M);
Nbof = length(modSignal)/sps;
expLen = sprintf(' Nbit  Nsym  Nbot  Nbof\n  %d   %d   %d   %d', ...
    length(bindata),length(modSignal), ...
    length(rxData_bot),length(rxData_bof))
expLen = 
    ' Nbit  Nsym  Nbot  Nbof
       168   560   168   56'

Display input and output lengths for a binary input signal.

sigLen = sprintf(' bit   sym   bot   bof\n %d   %d   %d   %d', ...
    length(bindata),length(modSignal), ...
    length(rxData_bot),length(rxData_bof))
sigLen = 
    ' bit   sym   bot   bof
      168   560   168   56'

Generate integer data and modulate data by using an FSK modulator object configured to accept integer data (BitInput=false).

data = randi([0 M-1],nspf,1);
modSignal = fskmod_bif(data);

Because the input length changes, you must release the demodulator objects before reusing them. Demodulate the data, and then output binary data from the first demodulator object and integer data from the second demodulator. Compute the expected and resulting input and output signal lengths.

release(fskdemod_bot)
release(fskdemod_bof)
rxData_bot = fskdemod_bot(modSignal);
rxData_bof = fskdemod_bof(modSignal);

Compute expected input and output lengths for an integer input signal.

Nbif = length(data);
Nsym = sps*length(data);
Nbot = (length(modSignal)/sps)*log2(M);
Nbof = length(modSignal)/sps;
expLen = sprintf('Nbif  Nsym  Nbot  Nbof\n  %d   %d   %d   %d', ...
    length(data),length(modSignal), ...
    length(rxData_bot),length(rxData_bof))
expLen = 
    'Nbif  Nsym  Nbot  Nbof
       21   210   63   21'

Display input and output lengths for an integer input signal.

sigLen = sprintf(' bif  sym  bot  bof\n %d   %d   %d   %d', ...
    length(data),length(modSignal), ...
    length(rxData_bot),length(rxData_bof))
sigLen = 
    ' bif  sym  bot  bof
      21   210   63   21'

More About

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Algorithms

Demodulation of M-FSK modulated signals is performed by using a noncoherent detection, which configures an energy detector that does not exploit phase measurements. The demodulator knows that M possible waveforms were transmitted and must decide which is received during each time duration T.

As described in Sklar [1], the general analytical expression for M-FSK modulation is

si(t)=2ETcos(ωit+ϕ)0≤t≤Ti=1,...,M

  • E is the symbol energy.

  • T is the symbol time duration.

  • ωi is the frequency term that has M discrete values.

  • M is the modulation order and specifies the number of waveforms.

  • ϕ is the phase offset.

The noncoherent energy detector of the M-FSK demodulator selects decision regions for each ωi waveform based on which decision region yields the maximum output.

For more details, see the Noncoherent Detection of FSK section in Sklar, [1].

References

[1] Sklar, Bernard. Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall PTR, 2001.

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced in R2012a

See Also

Objects

Functions

Blocks