Find closest value in array

KNNSEARCH Find K nearest neighbors. IDX = KNNSEARCH(X,Y) finds the nearest neighbor in X for each point in Y. X is an MX-by-N matrix and Y is an MY-by-N matrix. Rows of X and Y correspond to observations and columns correspond to variables. IDX is a column vector with MY rows. Each row in IDX contains the index of the nearest neighbor in X for the corresponding row in Y. [IDX, D] = KNNSEARCH(X,Y) returns a MY-by-1 vector D containing the distances between each row of Y and its closest point in X. [IDX, D]= KNNSEARCH(X,Y,'NAME1',VALUE1,...,'NAMEN',VALUEN) specifies optional argument name/value pairs: Name Value 'K' A positive integer, K, specifying the number of nearest neighbors in X to find for each point in Y. Default is 1. IDX and D are MY-by-K matrices. D sorts the distances in each row in ascending order. Each row in IDX contains the indices of K closest neighbors in X corresponding to the K smallest distances in D. 'NSMethod' Nearest neighbors search method. Value is either: 'kdtree' - Creates and uses a kd-tree to find nearest neighbors. 'kdtree' is only valid when the distance metric is one of the following metrics: - 'euclidean' - 'cityblock' - 'minkowski' - 'chebychev' 'exhaustive' - Uses the exhaustive search algorithm. The distance values from all the points in X to each point in Y are computed to find nearest neighbors. Default is 'kdtree' when the number of columns of X is not greater than 10, X is not sparse, and the distance metric is one of the above 4 metrics; otherwise, default is 'exhaustive'. 'IncludeTies' A logical value indicating whether KNNSEARCH will include all the neighbors whose distance values are equal to the Kth smallest distance. Default is false. If the value is true, KNNSEARCH includes all these neighbors. In this case, IDX and D are MY-by-1 cell arrays. Each row in IDX and D contains a vector with at least K numeric numbers. D sorts the distances in each vector in ascending order. Each row in IDX contains the indices of the closest neighbors corresponding to these smallest distances in D. 'Distance' A string or a function handle specifying the distance metric. The value can be one of the following: 'euclidean' - Euclidean distance (default). 'seuclidean' - Standardized Euclidean distance. Each coordinate difference between X and a query point is scaled by dividing by a scale value S. The default value of S is the standard deviation computed from X, S=NANSTD(X). To specify another value for S, use the 'Scale' argument. 'fasteuclidean' - Euclidean distance computed by using an alternative algorithm that saves time. This faster algorithm can, in some cases, reduce accuracy. 'fastseuclidean' - Standardized Euclidean distance computed by using an alternative algorithm that saves time. This faster algorithm can, in some cases, reduce accuracy. 'cityblock' - City Block distance. 'chebychev' - Chebychev distance (maximum coordinate difference). 'minkowski' - Minkowski distance. The default exponent is 2. To specify a different exponent, use the 'P' argument. 'mahalanobis' - Mahalanobis distance, computed using a positive definite covariance matrix C. The default value of C is the sample covariance matrix of X, as computed by NANCOV(X). To specify another value for C, use the 'Cov' argument. 'cosine' - One minus the cosine of the included angle between observations (treated as vectors). 'correlation' - One minus the sample linear correlation between observations (treated as sequences of values). 'spearman' - One minus the sample Spearman's rank correlation between observations (treated as sequences of values). 'hamming' - Hamming distance, percentage of coordinates that differ. 'jaccard' - One minus the Jaccard coefficient, the percentage of nonzero coordinates that differ. function - A distance function specified using @ (for example @DISTFUN). A distance function must be of the form function D2 = DISTFUN(ZI, ZJ), taking as arguments a 1-by-N vector ZI containing a single row of X or Y, an M2-by-N matrix ZJ containing multiple rows of X or Y, and returning an M2-by-1 vector of distances D2, whose Jth element is the distance between the observations ZI and ZJ(J,:). 'P' A positive scalar indicating the exponent of Minkowski distance. This argument is only valid when 'Distance' is 'minkowski'. Default is 2. 'Cov' A positive definite matrix indicating the covariance matrix when computing the Mahalanobis distance. This argument is only valid when 'Distance' is 'mahalanobis'. Default is NANCOV(X). 'Scale' A vector S containing non-negative values, with length equal to the number of columns in X. Each coordinate difference between X and a query point is scaled by the corresponding element of S. This argument is only valid when 'Distance' is 'seuclidean'. Default is NANSTD(X). 'BucketSize' The maximum number of data points in the leaf node of the kd-tree (default is 50). This argument is only meaningful when kd-tree is used for finding nearest neighbors. 'SortIndices' A flag to indicate if output distances and the corresponding indices should be sorted in the order of distances ranging from the smallest to the largest distance. Default is true. 'CacheSize' A positive scalar or 'maximal'. The default is 1e3. This argument is only meaningful when the alternative algorithm of computing Euclidean distance is used which requires an intermediate matrix (when 'NSMethod' is 'exhaustive', and 'Distance' is one of {'fasteuclidean','fastseuclidean'}). If numeric, this argument specifies the cache size in megabytes (MB) to allocate for an intermediate matrix. If 'maximal', knnsearch attempts to allocate enough memory for an entire intermediate matrix whose size is MX-by-MY (MX is the number of rows of the input data X, and MY is the number of rows of the input data Y). 'CacheSize' does not have to be large enough for an entire intermediate matrix, but must be at least large enough to hold an MX-by-1 vector. Otherwise, the regular algorithm of computing Euclidean distance will be used instead. If the specified cache size exceeds the available memory, MATLAB issues an out-of-memory error. Example: % Find 2 nearest neighbors in X and the corresponding values to each % point in Y using the distance metric 'cityblock' X = randn(100,5); Y = randn(25, 5); [idx, dist] = knnsearch(X,Y,'dist','cityblock','k',2); See also CREATENS, ExhaustiveSearcher, KDTreeSearcher, RANGESEARCH. Documentation for knnsearch doc knnsearch Other uses of knnsearch ExhaustiveSearcher/knnsearch KDTreeSearcher/knnsearch gpuArray/knnsearch tall/knnsearch hnswSearcher/knnsearch textanalytics/knnsearch