How do I cluster spatial data with only one attribute?

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O.Hubert 2022-5-5

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此问题的直接链接

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/1712195-how-do-i-cluster-spatial-data-with-only-one-attribute

DataQuestionMATLAB.mat

I have longitude and latitude data with one attribute, which can take only two values (my real case has more values, but retains the single attribute property).

I would like to create two contiguous areas as homogeneous as possible with respect to the value of the single attribute I mentioned. For this, I had thought about K-means clustering, but I run into several problems.

The first problem is a conceptual one: does it make sense to cluster only along one dimension?

The other problems are technical:

How do I ensure that the spatial information is included in the optimization problem?
How do I ensure that the zones are contiguous?

An additional great thing would be to obtain a polygon of the cluster zone.

To provide you with more information, my use case is the following. I have data on buildings inside a ZIP code, and those buildings can either be a house or a business office. I would like to split my ZIP code into a Residential area (mostly houses) and a Commercial area (mostly businesses and offices). I have attached mock data.

The code so far is the following:

% Put a point in the data to make it non-contiguous
Data.longitude(end,1)= -1.856;
Data.latitude(end,1)= 38.994;
Data.Attribute1(end)= 2;
% Define colors
Colormap=jet(7);
Colormapclust=Colormap([1 end],:);
% Figure of the original data
figure; 
for i=[2 6]
    scatter(Data.longitude(Data.Attribute1==i),Data.latitude(Data.Attribute1==i),10,Colormap(i,:),'filled'), hold on;
end
plot(ZIPcode(:,1),ZIPcode(:,2));hold on;
% Figure of the clustered data
figure; 
ncluster=2;
[idx_clust,Cluster]=kmeans([Data.longitude Data.latitude Data.Attribute1],ncluster);
Data.cluster=idx_clust;
for i=1:ncluster
    scatter(Data.longitude(Data.cluster==i),Data.latitude(Data.cluster==i),10,Colormapclust(i,:),'filled'), hold on;
end