[~, basenames] = fileparts(FileNames);
First4 = cellfun(@(S) S(1:4), basenames, 'uniform', 0);
G = findgroups(First4);
nG = max(G);
colors = YourColormapNameSuchAsJet(nG);
Now for the K'th file, use colors(K,:) as the color entry for scatter purposes.