Hi Tor, welcome to MATLAB. You should spend some time reading the Getting Started Guide. Particularly, the section: Programming -> Flow Control
For example:
a = true; % a is a logical variable
if ~a
disp('Hi');
else
disp('Bye');
end
The above displays Bye because ~a is "not a" which is false, so the if statement evaluates to false and the else statment is evaluated.
MATLAB has countless variations on this theme:
X = randn(10,1);
if any(X) %check to see if there are any nonzero elements in X
disp('Hi');
else
disp('Bye');
end
any(X) is true and so Hi is displayed. Think for yourself when would ~any(X) be true? What would X have to be like?