divide year time data into days and nights

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Petr Michalek
Petr Michalek 2022-9-22
评论： Eric Sofen 2022-9-23
Hello,
I have a table of time data for entire year and I would like to divide them into days and nights. The table rows look like that (Time_begin Time_end other_variables), example of one row: (14-Mar-2017 12:10 14-Mar-2017 12:20 var1 var2 var3 ... ). I have a table of sunrises and sunsets (day_no sunrise sunset, Example: 1 01-Jan-2017 08:01:00 01-Jan-2017 16:10:00) for the entire year and I would like to use it for dividing the data table into tables with rows with day data and night data. The sunrise and sunset time change for every day. How can I do this? Thanks for you ideas.
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Harry Laing
Harry Laing 2022-9-22
I think you need to be a bit clearer on what you mean by day and night data and how it's classified, especially in the case of posible crossover start and end times. Examples:
  • If the start time is before sunrise and endtime is after sunset, does that count as day or night or both?
  • If start time is after sunrise but the end time is after sunset, should that row be day or night?
Or are you wanting to classify as day or night based on whether the timespan of the data row is more in the day or night period?
Hope that makes sense.
Petr Michalek
Petr Michalek 2022-9-22
Lets say, that we use only the start time for the decision whether it is day or night. The timespan between start time and end time is always 10 minutes, so the difference is in order of minutes and that is small enough for me to cope with.

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Eric Sofen
Eric Sofen 2022-9-22
Ran in:
Steve beat me to it, but here's another solution that uses the datetime isbetween function.
SunriseSunset = table((1:365)',datetime(2022,1,1:365,6,30,0)', datetime(2022,1,1:365,18,30,0)', VariableNames=["DoY", "Sunrise", "Sunset"]); % let's suppose sunrise and sunset don't change throughout the year
data = timetable(datetime(2022,1,1,0,0:90:10000,0)', rand(112,1), VariableNames="Data");
isday = isbetween(data.Time,SunriseSunset.Sunrise',SunriseSunset.Sunset');
% This takes advantage of implicit expansion and results in a big logical array
% of which particular day period the data's row time corresponds to. Just
% aggregate over rows to get a vector of which times are occuring during
% daytime.
data.isday = sum(isday,2)
data = 112×2 timetable
Time Data isday ____________________ _________ _____ 01-Jan-2022 00:00:00 0.48027 0 01-Jan-2022 01:30:00 0.43233 0 01-Jan-2022 03:00:00 0.086928 0 01-Jan-2022 04:30:00 0.37172 0 01-Jan-2022 06:00:00 0.55905 0 01-Jan-2022 07:30:00 0.94576 1 01-Jan-2022 09:00:00 0.39536 1 01-Jan-2022 10:30:00 0.54901 1 01-Jan-2022 12:00:00 0.83405 1 01-Jan-2022 13:30:00 0.22782 1 01-Jan-2022 15:00:00 0.25985 1 01-Jan-2022 16:30:00 0.0092988 1 01-Jan-2022 18:00:00 0.058855 1 01-Jan-2022 19:30:00 0.16832 0 01-Jan-2022 21:00:00 0.4819 0 01-Jan-2022 22:30:00 0.43895 0
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Petr Michalek
Petr Michalek 2022-9-23
I used this code to divide table20 into table20day and table20night:
for i=1:height(table20)
if table20.isday20(i) == 0
table20night(i,:)=table20(i,:);
else
table20day(i,:)=table20(i,:);
end
end
I get two tables sorted correctly into rows with day/night data, but there are a lot of empty rows beginning with NaT and the other values in the row are zero. In the other table for night data it is the same, but the rows with day data are NaT 0 0 0 ... How can I get rid of these rows? Thanks.
Eric Sofen
Eric Sofen 2022-9-23
Presumably those NaTs are in your original data. Either missing timestamps or timestamps in a different format. Datetime can only parse one format at a time.
If you understand where the NaTs come from and just want to get rid of them, take a look at rmmissing.

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Steven Lord
Steven Lord 2022-9-22
Ran in:
I'm going to use the sunrise and sunset times for Natick, MA for this example. I'll create some random datetime values for the next three days:
fmt = 'MMM dd, h:mm a';
threeDaysInMinutes = minutes(days(3));
data = datetime('today', 'Format', fmt) + minutes(randi([0 threeDaysInMinutes], 10, 1))
data = 10×1 datetime array
Sep 22, 4:01 AM Sep 24, 12:34 PM Sep 24, 10:25 AM Sep 22, 6:14 PM Sep 24, 6:21 AM Sep 23, 12:04 AM Sep 23, 4:29 AM Sep 24, 7:07 PM Sep 22, 1:15 AM Sep 24, 6:31 AM
Now I'll create the vector of sunset and sunrise values. Elements 1, 3, 5, etc. are sunset values and elements 2, 4, 6, etc. are sunrise values.
sunriseSunset = ["Sep 21, 2022 6:44 pm"; ...
"Sep 22, 2022 6:32 am"; "Sep 22, 2022 6:42 pm"; ...
"Sep 23, 2022 6:33 am"; "Sep 23, 2022 6:40 pm"; ...
"Sep 24, 2022 6:34 am"; "Sep 24, 2022 6:39 pm"; ...
"Sep 25, 2022 6:36 am"; "Sep 25, 2022 6:37 pm"; ...
"Sep 26, 2022 6:37 am"];
bins = datetime(sunriseSunset, 'Format', fmt)
bins = 10×1 datetime array
Sep 21, 6:44 PM Sep 22, 6:32 AM Sep 22, 6:42 PM Sep 23, 6:33 AM Sep 23, 6:40 PM Sep 24, 6:34 AM Sep 24, 6:39 PM Sep 25, 6:36 AM Sep 25, 6:37 PM Sep 26, 6:37 AM
By the way I constructed the sunriseSunset array, anything falling in odd numbered bins (bin 1 being between elements 1 and 2 of sunriseSunset, for example) is considered night and anything falling in even numbered bins is considered day.
whichBin = discretize(data, bins)
whichBin = 10×1
1 6 6 2 5 3 3 7 1 5
Let's look at the results in words rather than odd or even bin numbers. In each row, the value in the Dates variable falls after the value in the Begin variable and before the value in the End variable.
categories = categorical(["Night"; repmat(["Day"; "Night"], 4, 1)]); % Alternate Night and Day
result = table(data, bins(whichBin), bins(whichBin+1), categories(whichBin), ...
'VariableNames', ["Dates", "Begin", "End", "Day or Night"])
result = 10×4 table
Dates Begin End Day or Night ________________ _______________ _______________ ____________ Sep 22, 4:01 AM Sep 21, 6:44 PM Sep 22, 6:32 AM Night Sep 24, 12:34 PM Sep 24, 6:34 AM Sep 24, 6:39 PM Day Sep 24, 10:25 AM Sep 24, 6:34 AM Sep 24, 6:39 PM Day Sep 22, 6:14 PM Sep 22, 6:32 AM Sep 22, 6:42 PM Day Sep 24, 6:21 AM Sep 23, 6:40 PM Sep 24, 6:34 AM Night Sep 23, 12:04 AM Sep 22, 6:42 PM Sep 23, 6:33 AM Night Sep 23, 4:29 AM Sep 22, 6:42 PM Sep 23, 6:33 AM Night Sep 24, 7:07 PM Sep 24, 6:39 PM Sep 25, 6:36 AM Night Sep 22, 1:15 AM Sep 21, 6:44 PM Sep 22, 6:32 AM Night Sep 24, 6:31 AM Sep 23, 6:40 PM Sep 24, 6:34 AM Night

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