https://www.mathworks.com/support/requirements/previous-releases.html -- R2012b supported Windows 8, not Windows 10 at all.
The end of life (EOL) for MATLAB releases depends on the date when MathWorks discontinues support for the operating system that the release is used on.
If you have a current subscription to MathWorks Software Maintenance Service (SMS), MathWorks will respond to technical questions and provide workarounds when possible for a period of two years from the date when MathWorks discontinued support for an operating system.
According to the Platform Road Map https://www.mathworks.com/support/requirements/platform-road-map.html Windows 8 is no longer supported, but Windows 7 SP 1 will continue to be supported (if you have software support) though the R2023b time frame.
R2012b was before the large-scale switch-over in HTTPS versions, so you might need to create a java.opts file to get access to some tools. It was also before the log4j fix -- but if I recall correctly, Mathworks said that the way log4j was used by MATLAB that it should not be an issue (this presumes that nothing else is invoking log4j from the installed libraries.)