One way to split into those groups, although it does not preserve the row order, is to use accumarray:
>> [~,~,idx] = unique(A(:,1));
>> C = accumarray(idx,ones(size(idx)),[],@(v){cumsum(v)});
>> D = accumarray(vertcat(C{:}),(1:size(A,1)).',[],@(r){A(r,:)});
>> D = cellfun(@sortrows,D,'uni',0);
>> D{:}
ans =
12 4 5 4 3 4 2
14 6 5 4 5 6 5
16 1 5 3 6 3 6
98 4 10 1 5 7 9
ans =
12 3 1 6 1 8 10
14 8 4 7 3 7 10
16 6 4 9 8 5 6
98 8 8 4 6 1 9
ans =
12 5 10 3 9 1 9
98 5 3 6 10 3 3
ans =
98 3 2 6 5 5 9