S-function for reading com-port

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Jan De Vries
Jan De Vries 2012-4-12
评论： Koenraad de Haas 2018-3-5
I'm trying to read data from a serial port in simulink. The serial configuration blocks and query instrument are not working properly for the device I try to read over COM port.
In matlab, I can easily read out data from the device using fopen() and fscanf().
Using the matlab function block in simulink, I get the same result in simulink. Problem is: it needs to open and close the serial connection every step, slowing down my system.
I'm trying to write level1 s-function to overcome this problem. Right now I have:
function [sys,x0,str,ts] = test1(t,x,u,flag)
NMEA = serial('COM2', 'BaudRate', 4800);
switch flag
case 0
[sys,x0,str,ts] = mdlInitializeSizes(NMEA);
case 3
sys = mdlOutputs(t,x,u, NMEA);
case { 1, 2, 4, 9 }
sys = [];
otherwise
error(['Unhandled flag = ',num2str(flag)]);
end;
function [sys,x0,str,ts] = mdlInitializeSizes(NMEA)
sizes = simsizes;
sizes.NumContStates= 0;
sizes.NumDiscStates= 0;
sizes.NumOutputs= 1;
sizes.NumInputs= 1;
sizes.DirFeedthrough=1;
sizes.NumSampleTimes=1;
sys = simsizes(sizes);
x0 = [];
str = [];
ts = [-1 0];
fopen(NMEA);
function sys = mdlOutputs(t,x,u,NMEA)
sys = fscanf(NMEA);
Giving me the error that the port needs to be opened at flag=3 (output). But I don't want to open the com2 every step as this will get really slow. How to solve this? I just want to open the connection once and constantly read from it (in simulink).

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回答（4 个）

Kaustubha Govind
Kaustubha Govind 2012-4-12
If following Walter's suggestion, you will need:
persistent NMEA;
if isempty(NMEA) %true only the first time
NMEA = serial('COM2', 'BaudRate', 4800);
end
However, persistent variables don't work well if multiple instances of your S-function exist in a model. So we recommend using DWork vectors to store such instance-specific persistent data in S-functions.
Also, remember to use fclose in the mdlTerminate method (flag=9).
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Kaustubha Govind
Kaustubha Govind 2012-4-13
Small correction: the line "NMEA = serial('COM3', 'Baudrate', 4800);" needs to go inside mdlInitializeSizes so it is only called once.
However, I just realized that the function SERIAL returns a MATLAB object which is not a supported type for a DWork, so you can't use DWorks unfortunately. (In C S-functions, PWorks are provided to store any opaque pointers, but no such work vectors are available in MATLAB-file S-functions). For Level-2 MATLAB S-functions, I would have suggested this solution: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/10418-share-activex-control-between-guide-and-s-function
However, you are using Level-1 S-functions which have been long deprecated. I don't know how the block handle can be accessed inside a Level-1 S-function. If you happen to know, you can apply the solution from the above link. Otherwise, since you are writing a new S-function, I would urge you to convert your Level-1 S-function to a Level-2: http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/simulink/sfg/f7-67615.html#bq3i98j
Jan De Vries
Jan De Vries 2012-4-13
Ok thanks again... Unfortunately this is getting too complicated for me... So frustrating I can't get something that works so easily in Matlab (using fscanf) into simulink!

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Shankar Subramanian
Hi Jan,
The Serial Configuration, Serial Receive and Serial Transmit blocks support reading and writing binary data (equivalent of fwrite and fread within MATLAB).
The Query Instrument and To Instrument blocks allow reading and writing ASCII (using fscanf and fprintf) as well as binary data. You need not write an S-Function to accomplish this task. You can import an object created in MATLAB command line into the Simulink model as well using these blocks.
Two things:
1. Can you specify the format of your data and also the settings that you had to perform an ASCII read and I will be able to help you.
2. When you mentioned, Query Instrument block is not working properly, what are you seeing? Are you seeing, no data or dropped data? Please give more info.
Thanks
Shankar
  2 个评论
Jan De Vries
Jan De Vries 2012-5-17
Hi Shankar,
Thanks for your reply.
1) An electronic compass sends the DATA through serial-USB (virtual COM) in the NMEA 0183
standard; i.e. it sends sentences (in ASCII format) 10 times per second, 4800 baud, no parity and 1 stop bit. The terminitor
is CR LF. Sentences typically look like
$HCHDG, hhh.h,,,,<CR><LF>
where hhh.h. represents magnetic heading
2)Using Query Instrument block, I was able to obtain the characters of the sentence above, but not the sentence as a whole. So the block
gave me a sequence of ascii codes representing the characters of the sentence. I didn't manage to obtain the magnetic heading from this sequence
of characters (I only need the hhh.h, e.g. 230.4, to use it as position information for my controller).
If you need more information, please ask. I hope you're able to help as this is still a problem!
Jan De Vries
Jan De Vries 2012-5-17
I put a "to workspace" block after the query instrument to check the output; this generated a variable with every new character of the ascii sentence in a new row. So the output looked like
36
72
67
72
etc.
representing the $HCH etc. sentence
With the serial config/serial input blocks I could not get any readings; the output constantly was 00

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Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2012-4-12
Use a persistent variable to hold NEMA . Otherwise it goes out of scope when the function returns and that causes the serial port to be closed.
  2 个评论
Jan De Vries
Jan De Vries 2012-4-12
I've added the line "persistent NMEA" above the line were NMEA is declared, but I still get the same error message:
OBJ must be connected to the hardware with FOPEN.
Koenraad de Haas
Koenraad de Haas 2018-3-5
Hi Jan, were you able to solve this issue, I would be interested, thanks

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Zerno
Zerno 2012-5-17
Please, can somebody help with taking data from comport to simulink model??

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