I have the same problem; I recently installed r2017b alongside r2016b. You can open Matlab by right click on the shortcut and running as administrator. You can go on properties-advanced and check "run as administrator" to make this passage automatic. I don't know why this happens. The second inconvenience is that .m files can't be opened from desktop or windows file manager.
EDIT: I solved the problem using the program ProcMon. There I found a process with "ACCESS DENIED":
So I tried to open this folder in windows explorer: C:\Users\Alessio\AppData\Local\Temp\data
It asked me to give admin permission in order to access permanently this folder, and I accepted; then r2017b opened without running as admin.
