Yes, for sure. Open the .fig in GUIDE and use GUIDE to add an axes and take note of the tag. Then create a "plot" pushbutton. In the callback for the new pushbutton, use
axes(handles.TAG_OF_AXES_GOES_HERE);
and then you can plot your data. See also Sharing variables
Example:
axes(handles.MyGUI_axes1);
x = handles.x_to_plot;
y = handles.y_to_plot;
plot(x, y)
