Create a cell array of the tables. For the moment I will call this tab_cell . Then
shared_vars = tab_cell{1}.Properties.VariableNames;
for K = 2 : numel(tab_cell)
shared_vars = interset(shared_vars, tab_cell{K}.Properties.VariableNames);
end
You do not need to compare each table to each other table: A intersect B intersect C = (A intersect B) intersect C = A intersect (B intersect C) = (A intersect C) intersect B -- intersection is transitive and commutative.