There likely isn't an existing function in MATLAB for this. This sounds very custom to me. That's ok, though. MATLAB gives you the ability to create your own algorithms. If you can explain the logic, you can create code the follows that logic to give you the results you want.
Your example is not trivial. Still, it's doable. I make no claims to it being the best way to do it, but here's what I was able to put together somewhat quickly.
clear
dict{1} = [ 24 13; 8 21 ];
dict{2} = [ 2 17; 13 21 ];
dict{3} = [ 17 1; 21 12; 22 15; 21 24; 18 29 ];
dict{4} = [ 24 3; 22 23; 11 25 ];
dict{5} = [ 3 12; 26 18 ];
% Store the results in a cell of cells.
% This allows each row to have a different number of elements
result(1) = {[{dict{1}(1,:)},{dict{1}(2,:)}]};
% Simple example - loop through the sample dictionary
for c = 2:length(dict)
i=1; % create an index for the result element
% Use the previous row's results
for r = 1:length(result{c-1})
% Compare agains the current row in dict
for d = 1:size(dict{c},1)
f(r,d) = true; % keep track of which dictionary trajectories get used
% Compare last value of result with first value of dict
if result{c-1}{r}(end)==dict{c}(d,1)
% If a match, append the last value of dict to result and record in current row of result
result{c}{i} = [result{c-1}{r} dict{c}(d,2)];
i=i+1; % increment the result element index
f(r,d) = false; % change flag to indicate this dict was added to result
end
end
end
% add new dict value
ind = min(f); % columns correspond to dict elements.
for l = 1:length(ind)
% Find dict elements that were never used
if ind(l)
% Add unused dict as new elements in result
result{c}{i} = dict{c}(l,:);
i=i+1;
end
end
f=true; % result dict flag
end
