The issue is in how you created the callback:
handles.M1_8.calculate = uicontrol ('Style','pushbutton',...
'String','Calculate',...
'Position',[320 305 60 25],...
'Callback',@(~,~,handles) (calculate8_Callback(handles)));
The callback right now expects three inputs, ~,~,handles. However, is only gets two, the source and the eventdata. This should work as the calback:
@(~,~) (calculate8_Callback(handles)));
During the creation of the anonymous function, a snapshot of handles will be taken and then passed into calculate8_Callback.