It's certainly possible. It's not any fun, if you ask me. You can do it with overlaid axes. This post contains one example:
I went for a less thorough approach:
x = linspace(0,1,100);
y = x.';
z = (x+y)/2;
nd = 20;
xr = rand(1,nd);
yr = rand(1,nd);
zr = rand(1,nd)*45-10;
% one axes has a contour plot and a colorbar
contourf(x,y,z,'edgecolor','none');
cb1 = colorbar;
h1 = gca;
h2 = axes;
% the other axes has a scatter plot with its own colorbar
scatter(xr,yr,100,zr,'filled','markeredgecolor','w')
set(h2,'color','none')
cb2 = colorbar;
% store the position and limits because adjusting
% the colorbar will mess these up
axpos = get(h1,'position');
xl = get(h1,'xlim');
yl = get(h1,'ylim');
% adjust the colorbars so they don't overlap
barl = 0.48;
cb1.Position(2) = cb1.Position(2)+cb1.Position(4)*(1-barl);
cb1.Position(4) = cb1.Position(4)*barl;
cb2.Position(4) = cb2.Position(4)*barl;
% reassert axes geometry so they match
set(h1,'position',axpos,'xlim',xl,'ylim',yl);
set(h2,'position',axpos,'color','none','xlim',xl,'ylim',yl);
% set one colormap for each axes
% my display is inverted, so the colormaps are too
colormap(h1,1-ccmap)
colormap(h2,1-summer)
So now we have two different colormaps representing two different data ranges in two different plot types, all in the same figure. It's not the most robust setup. If I resize the window, the alignment gets messed up. You might try using linkaxes(), but I didn't.
You could try to stack the color bars side-by-side, but you'd have to do a lot more messing around with the object positions if you wanted that.
