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Gabriel's horn is a shape with the paradoxical property that it has infinite surface area, but a finite volume.
Gabriel’s horn is formed by taking the graph of 
with the domain 
and rotating it in three dimensions about the 
axis.
with the domain and rotating it in three dimensions about the axis.There is a standard formula for calculating the volume of this shape, for a general function 
.Wwe will just state that the volume of the 
solid between a and b is:
.Wwe will just state that the volume of the solid between a and b is:
The surface area of the solid is given by:
One other thing we need to consider is that we are trying to find the value of these integrals between 1 and ∞. An integral with a limit of infinity is called an improper integral and we can't evaluate it simply by plugging the value infinity into the normal equation for a definite integral. Instead, we must first calculate the definite integral up to some finite limit b and then calculate the limit of the result as b tends to ∞:
Volume
We can calculate the horn's volume using the volume integral above, so
The total volume of this infinitely long trumpet isπ.
Surface Area
To determine the surface area, we first need the function’s derivative:
Now plug it into the surface area formula and we have:
This is an improper integral and it's hard to evaluate, but since in our interval 
So, we have :
Now,we evaluate this last integral
So the surface are is infinite.
% Define the function for Gabriel's Horn
gabriels_horn = @(x) 1 ./ x;
% Create a range of x values
x = linspace(1, 40, 4000); % Increase the number of points for better accuracy
y = gabriels_horn(x);
% Create the meshgrid
theta = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 6000); % Increase theta points for a smoother surface
[X, T] = meshgrid(x, theta);
Y = gabriels_horn(X) .* cos(T);
Z = gabriels_horn(X) .* sin(T);
% Plot the surface of Gabriel's Horn
figure('Position', [200, 100, 1200, 900]);
surf(X, Y, Z, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9);
hold on;
% Plot the central axis
plot3(x, zeros(size(x)), zeros(size(x)), 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Set labels
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
zlabel('z');
% Adjust colormap and axis properties
colormap('gray');
shading interp; % Smooth shading
% Adjust the view
view(3);
axis tight;
grid on;
% Add formulas as text annotations
dim1 = [0.4 0.7 0.3 0.2];
annotation('textbox',dim1,'String',{'$$V = \pi \int_{1}^{a} \left( \frac{1}{x} \right)^2 dx = \pi \left( 1 - \frac{1}{a} \right)$$', ...
'', ... % Add an empty line for larger gap
'$$\lim_{a \to \infty} V = \lim_{a \to \infty} \pi \left( 1 - \frac{1}{a} \right) = \pi$$'}, ...
'Interpreter','latex','FontSize',12, 'EdgeColor','none', 'FitBoxToText', 'on');
dim2 = [0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2];
annotation('textbox',dim2,'String',{'$$A = 2\pi \int_{1}^{a} \frac{1}{x} \sqrt{1 + \left( -\frac{1}{x^2} \right)^2} dx > 2\pi \int_{1}^{a} \frac{dx}{x} = 2\pi \ln(a)$$', ...
'', ... % Add an empty line for larger gap
'$$\lim_{a \to \infty} A \geq \lim_{a \to \infty} 2\pi \ln(a) = \infty$$'}, ...
'Interpreter','latex','FontSize',12, 'EdgeColor','none', 'FitBoxToText', 'on');
% Add Gabriel's Horn label
dim3 = [0.3 0.9 0.3 0.1];
annotation('textbox',dim3,'String','Gabriel''s Horn', ...
'Interpreter','latex','FontSize',14, 'EdgeColor','none', 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hold off
daspect([3.5 1 1]) % daspect([x y z])
view(-27, 15)
lightangle(-50,0)
lighting('gouraud')
The properties of this figure were first studied by Italian physicist and mathematician Evangelista Torricelli in the 17th century.
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and inspired me throughout this project.
First and foremost, I would like to thank the mathematician and my esteemed colleague, Stavros Tsalapatis, for inspiring me with the fascinating subject of Gabriel's Horn.
I am also deeply thankful to Mr. @Star Strider for his invaluable assistance in completing the final code.
References:
When it comes to MOS tube burnout, it is usually because it is not working in the SOA workspace, and there is also a case where the MOS tube is overcurrent.
For example, the maximum allowable current of the PMOS transistor in this circuit is 50A, and the maximum current reaches 80+ at the moment when the MOS transistor is turned on, then the current is very large.
At this time, the PMOS is over-specified, and we can see on the SOA curve that it is not working in the SOA range, which will cause the PMOS to be damaged.
So what if you choose a higher current PMOS? Of course you can, but the cost will be higher.
We can choose to adjust the peripheral resistance or capacitor to make the PMOS turn on more slowly, so that the current can be lowered.
For example, when adjusting R1, R2, and the jumper capacitance between gs, when Cgs is adjusted to 1uF, The Ids are only 40A max, which is fine in terms of current, and meets the 80% derating.
(50 amps * 0.8 = 40 amps).
Next, let’s look at the power, from the SOA curve, the opening time of the MOS tube is about 1ms, and the maximum power at this time is 280W.
The normal thermal resistance of the chip is 50°C/W, and the maximum junction temperature can be 302°F.
Assuming the ambient temperature is 77°F, then the instantaneous power that 1ms can withstand is about 357W.
The actual power of PMOS here is 280W, which does not exceed the limit, which means that it works normally in the SOA area.
Therefore, when the current impact of the MOS transistor is large at the moment of turning, the Cgs capacitance can be adjusted appropriately to make the PMOS Working in the SOA area, you can avoid the problem of MOS corruption.
Hello everyone, i hope you all are in good health. i need to ask you about the help about where i should start to get indulge in matlab. I am an electrical engineer but having experience of construction field. I am new here. Please do help me. I shall be waiting forward to hear from you. I shall be grateful to you. Need recommendations and suggestions from experienced members. Thank you.
I recently wrote up a document which addresses the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations in Matlab (with some Python examples thrown in for those who are interested). For ODEs, both initial and boundary value problems are addressed. For PDEs, it addresses parabolic and elliptic equations. The emphasis is on finite difference approaches and built-in functions are discussed when available. Theory is kept to a minimum. I also provide a discussion of strategies for checking the results, because I think many students are too quick to trust their solutions. For anyone interested, the document can be found at https://blanchard.neep.wisc.edu/SolvingDifferentialEquationsWithMatlab.pdf
Kindly link me to the Channel Modeling Group.
I read and compreheneded a paper on channel modeling "An Adaptive Geometry-Based Stochastic Model for Non-Isotropic MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile Channels" except the graphical results obtained from the MATLAB codes. I have tried to replicate the same graphs but to no avail from my codes. And I am really interested in the topic, i have even written to the authors of the paper but as usual, there is no reply from them. Kindly assist if possible.
Hi, I'm looking for sites where I can find coding & algorithms problems and their solutions. I'm doing this workshop in college and I'll need some problems to go over with the students and explain how Matlab works by solving the problems with them and then reviewing and going over different solution options. Does anyone know a website like that? I've tried looking in the Matlab Cody By Mathworks, but didn't exactly find what I'm looking for. Thanks in advance.
Hello, everyone! I’m Mark Hayworth, but you might know me better in the community as Image Analyst. I've been using MATLAB since 2006 (18 years). My background spans a rich career as a former senior scientist and inventor at The Procter & Gamble Company (HQ in Cincinnati). I hold both master’s & Ph.D. degrees in optical sciences from the College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona, specializing in imaging, image processing, and image analysis. I have 40+ years of military, academic, and industrial experience with image analysis programming and algorithm development. I have experience designing custom light booths and other imaging systems. I also work with color and monochrome imaging, video analysis, thermal, ultraviolet, hyperspectral, CT, MRI, radiography, profilometry, microscopy, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy, etc. on a huge variety of subjects.
I'm thrilled to participate in MATLAB Central's Ask Me Anything (AMA) session, a fantastic platform for knowledge sharing and community engagement. Following Adam Danz’s insightful AMA on staff contributors in the Answers forum, I’d like to discuss topics in the area of image analysis and processing. I invite you to ask me anything related to this field, whether you're seeking recommendations on tools, looking for tips and tricks, my background, or career development advice. Additionally, I'm more than willing to share insights from my experiences in the MATLAB Answers community, File Exchange, and my role as a member of the Community Advisory Board. If you have questions related to your specific images or your custom MATLAB code though, I'll invite you to ask those in the Answers forum. It's a more appropriate forum for those kinds of questions, plus you can get the benefit of other experts offering their solutions in addition to me.
For the coming weeks, I'll be here to engage with your questions and help shed light on any topics you're curious about.
Hello, everyone!
Over the past few weeks, our community has been buzzing with activity, showcasing the incredible depth of knowledge, creativity, and innovation that makes this forum such a vibrant place. Today, we're excited to highlight some of the noteworthy contributions that have sparked discussions, offered insights, and shared knowledge across various topics. Let's dive in!
Interesting Questions
Fatima Majeed brings us a thought-provoking mathematical challenge, delving into inequalities and the realms beyond (e^e). If you're up for a mathematical journey, this question is a must-see!
lil brain tackles a practical problem many of us have faced: efficiently segmenting a CSV file based on specific criteria. This post is not only a query but a learning opportunity for anyone dealing with similar data manipulation challenges.
Popular Discussions
Discover a simple yet effective trick for digit manipulation from goc3. This tip is especially handy for those frequenting Cody challenges or anyone interested in enhancing their number handling skills in MATLAB.
Chen Lin shares an exciting update about the 'Run Code' feature in the Discussions area, highlighting how our community can now directly execute and share code snippets within discussions. This feature marks a significant enhancement in how we interact and solve problems together.
From the Blogs
A Deep Dive into EEG Analysis for Predicting Neurological Outcomes By Tanya Kuruvilla
Connell D`Souza, alongside Team Swarthbeat, explores the cutting-edge application of EEG analysis in predicting neurological outcomes post-cardiac arrest. This blog post offers an in-depth look into the challenges and methodologies of modern medical data analysis.
Mihir Acharya discusses the pivotal role of MATLAB and Simulink in the future of robotics simulation. Through an engaging conversation with industry analyst George Chowdhury, this post sheds light on overcoming simulation challenges and the exciting possibilities that lie ahead.
We encourage everyone to explore these contributions further and engage with the authors and the community. Your participation is what fuels this community's continual growth and innovation.
Here's to many more discussions, discoveries, and breakthroughs together!
We're thrilled to share an exciting update with our community: the 'Run Code' feature is now available in the Discussions area!
Simply insert your code into the editor and press the green triangle button to run it. Your code will execute using the latest MATLAB R24a version, and it supports most common toolboxes. Moreover, this innovative feature allows for the running of attached files, further enhancing its utility and flexibility.
The ‘run code’ feature was first introduced in MATLAB Answers. Encouraged by the positive feedback and at the request of our community members, we are now expanding the availability of this feature to more areas within our community.
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The study of the dynamics of the discrete Klein - Gordon equation (DKG) with friction is given by the equation :
In the above equation, W describes the potential function:
to which every coupled unit 
adheres. In Eq. (1), the variable $
$ is the unknown displacement of the oscillator occupying the n-th position of the lattice, and 
is the discretization parameter. We denote by h the distance between the oscillators of the lattice. The chain (DKG) contains linear damping with a damping coefficient 
, while
is the coefficient of the nonlinear cubic term.
adheres. In Eq. (1), the variable $$ is the unknown displacement of the oscillator occupying the n-th position of the lattice, and is the discretization parameter. We denote by h the distance between the oscillators of the lattice. The chain (DKG) contains linear damping with a damping coefficient , whileis the coefficient of the nonlinear cubic term.For the DKG chain (1), we will consider the problem of initial-boundary values, with initial conditions
and Dirichlet boundary conditions at the boundary points 
and 
, that is,
and , that is,
Therefore, when necessary, we will use the short notation 
for the one-dimensional discrete Laplacian
for the one-dimensional discrete Laplacian
Now we want to investigate numerically the dynamics of the system (1)-(2)-(3). Our first aim is to conduct a numerical study of the property of Dynamic Stability of the system, which directly depends on the existence and linear stability of the branches of equilibrium points.
For the discussion of numerical results, it is also important to emphasize the role of the parameter 
. By changing the time variable 
, we rewrite Eq. (1) in the form
. By changing the time variable , we rewrite Eq. (1) in the form
. We consider spatially extended initial conditions of the form:
where 
is the distance of the grid and 
is the amplitude of the initial condition We also assume zero initial velocity:
the following graphs for 
and 
and % Parameters
L = 200; % Length of the system
K = 99; % Number of spatial points
j = 2; % Mode number
omega_d = 1; % Characteristic frequency
beta = 1; % Nonlinearity parameter
delta = 0.05; % Damping coefficient
% Spatial grid
h = L / (K + 1);
n = linspace(-L/2, L/2, K+2); % Spatial points
N = length(n);
omegaDScaled = h * omega_d;
deltaScaled = h * delta;
% Time parameters
dt = 1; % Time step
tmax = 3000; % Maximum time
tspan = 0:dt:tmax; % Time vector
% Values of amplitude 'a' to iterate over
a_values = [2, 1.95, 1.9, 1.85, 1.82]; % Modify this array as needed
% Differential equation solver function
function dYdt = odefun(~, Y, N, h, omegaDScaled, deltaScaled, beta)
U = Y(1:N);
Udot = Y(N+1:end);
Uddot = zeros(size(U));
% Laplacian (discrete second derivative)
for k = 2:N-1
Uddot(k) = (U(k+1) - 2 * U(k) + U(k-1)) ;
end
% System of equations
dUdt = Udot;
dUdotdt = Uddot - deltaScaled * Udot + omegaDScaled^2 * (U - beta * U.^3);
% Pack derivatives
dYdt = [dUdt; dUdotdt];
end
% Create a figure for subplots
figure;
% Initial plot
a_init = 2; % Example initial amplitude for the initial condition plot
U0_init = a_init * sin((j * pi * h * n) / L); % Initial displacement
U0_init(1) = 0; % Boundary condition at n = 0
U0_init(end) = 0; % Boundary condition at n = K+1
subplot(3, 2, 1);
plot(n, U0_init, 'r.-', 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'MarkerSize', 10); % Line and marker plot
xlabel('$x_n$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
ylabel('$U_n$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
title('$t=0$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
set(gca, 'FontSize', 12, 'FontName', 'Times');
xlim([-L/2 L/2]);
ylim([-3 3]);
grid on;
% Loop through each value of 'a' and generate the plot
for i = 1:length(a_values)
a = a_values(i);
% Initial conditions
U0 = a * sin((j * pi * h * n) / L); % Initial displacement
U0(1) = 0; % Boundary condition at n = 0
U0(end) = 0; % Boundary condition at n = K+1
Udot0 = zeros(size(U0)); % Initial velocity
% Pack initial conditions
Y0 = [U0, Udot0];
% Solve ODE
opts = odeset('RelTol', 1e-5, 'AbsTol', 1e-6);
[t, Y] = ode45(@(t, Y) odefun(t, Y, N, h, omegaDScaled, deltaScaled, beta), tspan, Y0, opts);
% Extract solutions
U = Y(:, 1:N);
Udot = Y(:, N+1:end);
% Plot final displacement profile
subplot(3, 2, i+1);
plot(n, U(end,:), 'b.-', 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'MarkerSize', 10); % Line and marker plot
xlabel('$x_n$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
ylabel('$U_n$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
title(['$t=3000$, $a=', num2str(a), '$'], 'Interpreter', 'latex');
set(gca, 'FontSize', 12, 'FontName', 'Times');
xlim([-L/2 L/2]);
ylim([-2 2]);
grid on;
end
% Adjust layout
set(gcf, 'Position', [100, 100, 1200, 900]); % Adjust figure size as needed
Dynamics for the initial condition , 
, for 
, for different amplitude values. By reducing the amplitude values, we observe the convergence to equilibrium points of different branches from 
and the appearance of values 
for which the solution converges to a non-linear equilibrium point 
Parameters: 
, for , for different amplitude values. By reducing the amplitude values, we observe the convergence to equilibrium points of different branches from and the appearance of values for which the solution converges to a non-linear equilibrium point Parameters: 
Detection of a stability threshold 
: For 
, the initial condition , 
, converges to a non-linear equilibrium point
.
: For , the initial condition , , converges to a non-linear equilibrium point.Characteristics for 
, with corresponding norm 
where the dynamics appear in the first image of the third row, we observe convergence to a non-linear equilibrium point of branch 
This has the same norm and the same energy as the previous case but the final state has a completely different profile. This result suggests secondary bifurcations have occurred in branch 
, with corresponding norm where the dynamics appear in the first image of the third row, we observe convergence to a non-linear equilibrium point of branch This has the same norm and the same energy as the previous case but the final state has a completely different profile. This result suggests secondary bifurcations have occurred in branch By further reducing the amplitude, distinct values of 
are discerned: 1.9, 1.85, 1.81 for which the initial condition 
with norms 
respectively, converges to a non-linear equilibrium point of branch 
This equilibrium point has norm 
and energy 
. The behavior of this equilibrium is illustrated in the third row and in the first image of the third row of Figure 1, and also in the first image of the third row of Figure 2. For all the values between the aforementioned a, the initial condition 
converges to geometrically different non-linear states of branch 
as shown in the second image of the first row and the first image of the second row of Figure 2, for amplitudes 
and 
respectively.
are discerned: 1.9, 1.85, 1.81 for which the initial condition with norms respectively, converges to a non-linear equilibrium point of branch This equilibrium point has norm and energy . The behavior of this equilibrium is illustrated in the third row and in the first image of the third row of Figure 1, and also in the first image of the third row of Figure 2. For all the values between the aforementioned a, the initial condition converges to geometrically different non-linear states of branch as shown in the second image of the first row and the first image of the second row of Figure 2, for amplitudes and respectively. Refference:
Many MATLAB enthusiasts come Cody to sharpen their skills, face new challenges, and engage in friendly competition. We firmly believe that learning from peers is one of the most effective ways to grow.
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Spring is here in Natick and the tulips are blooming! While tulips appear only briefly here in Massachusetts, they provide a lot of bright and diverse colors and shapes. To celebrate this cheerful flower, here's some code to create your own tulip!
Check out this episode about PIVLab: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2107763/15106425
Join the conversation with William Thielicke, the developer of PIVlab, as he shares insights into the world of particle image velocimetery (PIV) and its applications. Discover how PIV accurately measures fluid velocities, non invasively revolutionising research across the industries. Delve into the development journey of PI lab, including collaborations, key features and future advancements for aerodynamic studies, explore the advanced hardware setups camera technologies, and educational prospects offered by PIVlab, for enhanced fluid velocity measurements. If you are interested in the hardware he speaks of check out the company: Optolution.
Let's talk about probability theory in Matlab.
Conditions of the problem - how many more letters do I need to write to the sales department to get an answer?
To get closer to the problem, I need to buy a license under a contract. Maybe sometimes there are responsible employees sitting here who will give me an answer.
Thank you
Hello MATLAB Community!
We've had an exciting few weeks filled with insightful discussions, innovative tools, and engaging blog posts from our vibrant community. Here's a highlight of some noteworthy contributions that have sparked interest and inspired us all. Let's dive in!
Interesting Questions
Cindyawati explores the intriguing concept of interrupting continuous data in differential equations to study the effects of drug interventions in disease models. A thought-provoking question that bridges mathematics and medical research.
Pedro delves into the application of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for error dynamics and setpoint tracking, offering insights into control systems and their real-world implications.
Popular Discussions
Chen Lin shares an engaging interview with Zhaoxu Liu, shedding light on the creative processes behind some of the most innovative MATLAB contest entries of 2023. A must-read for anyone looking for inspiration!
Zhaoxu Liu, also known as slanderer, updates the community with the latest version of the MATLAB Plot Cheat Sheet. This resource is invaluable for anyone looking to enhance their data visualization skills.
From File Exchange
Giorgio introduces a toolbox for frequency estimation, making it simpler for users to import signals directly from the MATLAB workspace. A significant contribution for signal processing enthusiasts.
From the Blogs
Cleve Moler revisits a classic program for predicting future trends based on census data, offering a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of computational forecasting.
Boost Your App Design Efficiency – Effortless Component Swapping & Labeling in App Designer by Adam Danz
With contributions from Dinesh Kavalakuntla, Adam presents an insightful guide on improving app design workflows in MATLAB App Designer, focusing on component swapping and labeling.
We're incredibly proud of the diverse and innovative contributions our community members make every day. Each post, discussion, and tool not only enriches our knowledge but also inspires others to explore and create. Let's continue to support and learn from each other as we advance in our MATLAB journey.
Happy Coding!
quick / easy
21%
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20%
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13%
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16%
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28%
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117 个投票
In the MATLAB description of the algorithm for Lyapunov exponents, I believe there is ambiguity and misuse.
The lambda(i) in the reference literature signifies the Lyapunov exponent of the entire phase space data after expanding by i time steps, but in the calculation formula provided in the MATLAB help documentation, Y_(i+K) represents the data point at the i-th point in the reconstructed data Y after K steps, and this calculation formula also does not match the calculation code given by MATLAB. I believe there should be some misguidance and misunderstanding here.
According to the symbol regulations in the algorithm description and the MATLAB code, I think the correct formula might be y(i) = 1/dt * 1/N * sum_j( log( ||Y_(j+i) - Y_(j*+i)|| ) )
Drumlin Farm has welcomed MATLAMB, named in honor of MathWorks, among ten adorable new lambs this season!
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I found this plot of words said by different characters on the US version of The Office sitcom. There's a sparkline for each character from pilot to finale episode.
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亚太
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