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price

Compute price for interest-rate instrument with IRTree pricer

Since R2020a

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Syntax

[Price,PriceResult] = price(inpPricer,inpInstrument)
[Price,PriceResult] = price(___,inpSensitivity)

Description

[Price,PriceResult] = price(inpPricer,inpInstrument) computes the instrument price and related pricing information based on the pricing object inpPricer and the instrument object inpInstrument.

example

[Price,PriceResult] = price(___,inpSensitivity) adds an optional argument to specify sensitivities.

example

Examples

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Open Live Script

This example shows the workflow to price a FixedBondOption instrument when you use a HullWhite model and an IRTree pricing method.

Create FixedBond Instrument Object

Use fininstrument to create a FixedBond instrument object as the underlying bond.

BondInst = fininstrument("FixedBond",'Maturity',datetime(2029,9,15),'CouponRate',0.025,'Period', 1,'Name',"fixed_bond_instrument")
BondInst = 
  FixedBond with properties:

                  CouponRate: 0.0250
                      Period: 1
                       Basis: 0
                EndMonthRule: 1
                   Principal: 100
    DaycountAdjustedCashFlow: 0
       BusinessDayConvention: "actual"
                    Holidays: NaT
                   IssueDate: NaT
             FirstCouponDate: NaT
              LastCouponDate: NaT
                   StartDate: NaT
                    Maturity: 15-Sep-2029
                        Name: "fixed_bond_instrument"

Create FixedBondOption Instrument Object

Use fininstrument to create a FixedBondOption instrument object.

FixedBOption = fininstrument("FixedBondOption",'ExerciseDate',datetime(2025,9,15),'Strike',98,'Bond',BondInst,'Name',"fixed_bond_option_instrument")
FixedBOption = 
  FixedBondOption with properties:

       OptionType: "call"
    ExerciseStyle: "european"
     ExerciseDate: 15-Sep-2025
           Strike: 98
             Bond: [1x1 fininstrument.FixedBond]
             Name: "fixed_bond_option_instrument"

Create ratecurve Object

Create a ratecurve object using ratecurve.

Settle = datetime(2019,9,15);
Type = 'zero';
ZeroTimes = [calyears([1:10])]';
ZeroRates = [0.0055 0.0061 0.0073 0.0094 0.0119 0.0168 0.0222 0.0293 0.0307 0.0310]';
ZeroDates = Settle + ZeroTimes;
 
myRC = ratecurve('zero',Settle,ZeroDates,ZeroRates)
myRC = 
  ratecurve with properties:

                 Type: "zero"
          Compounding: -1
                Basis: 0
                Dates: [10x1 datetime]
                Rates: [10x1 double]
               Settle: 15-Sep-2019
         InterpMethod: "linear"
    ShortExtrapMethod: "next"
     LongExtrapMethod: "previous"

Create HullWhite Model Object

Use finmodel to create a HullWhite model object.

HullWhiteModel = finmodel("HullWhite",'Alpha',0.01,'Sigma',0.05)
HullWhiteModel = 
  HullWhite with properties:

    Alpha: 0.0100
    Sigma: 0.0500

Create IRTree Pricer Object

Use finpricer to create an IRTree pricer object and use the ratecurve object with the 'DiscountCurve' name-value pair argument.

HWTreePricer = finpricer("irtree",'Model',HullWhiteModel,'DiscountCurve',myRC,'TreeDates',ZeroDates)
HWTreePricer = 
  HWBKTree with properties:

             Tree: [1x1 struct]
        TreeDates: [10x1 datetime]
            Model: [1x1 finmodel.HullWhite]
    DiscountCurve: [1x1 ratecurve]


HWTreePricer.Tree
ans = struct with fields:
        tObs: [0 1 1.9973 2.9945 3.9918 4.9918 5.9891 6.9863 7.9836 8.9836]
        dObs: [15-Sep-2019    15-Sep-2020    15-Sep-2021    15-Sep-2022    15-Sep-2023    15-Sep-2024    15-Sep-2025    15-Sep-2026    15-Sep-2027    15-Sep-2028]
      CFlowT: {[10x1 double]  [9x1 double]  [8x1 double]  [7x1 double]  [6x1 double]  [5x1 double]  [4x1 double]  [3x1 double]  [2x1 double]  [9.9809]}
       Probs: {[3x1 double]  [3x3 double]  [3x5 double]  [3x7 double]  [3x9 double]  [3x11 double]  [3x13 double]  [3x15 double]  [3x17 double]}
     Connect: {[2]  [2 3 4]  [2 3 4 5 6]  [2 3 4 5 6 7 8]  [2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]  [2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12]  [2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14]  [2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16]  [2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18]}
     FwdTree: {1x10 cell}
    RateTree: {1x10 cell}

Price FixedBondOption Instrument

Use price to compute the price and sensitivities for the FixedBondOption instrument.

[Price, outPR] = price(HWTreePricer,FixedBOption,["all"])
Price = 
11.1739

outPR = 
  priceresult with properties:

       Results: [1x4 table]
    PricerData: [1x1 struct]


outPR.Results
ans=1×4 table
    Price      Delta     Gamma      Vega 
    ______    _______    ______    ______

    11.174    -272.19    3667.6    243.09

Input Arguments

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Pricer object, specified as a scalar IRTree pricer object. Use finpricer to create the IRTree pricer object.

Data Types: object

Instrument object, specified as scalar or a vector of previously created instrument objects. Create the instrument objects using fininstrument. The following instrument objects are supported:

Data Types: object

(Optional) List of sensitivities to compute, specified as a NOUT-by-1 or a 1-by-NOUT cell array of character vectors or string array with possible values of 'Price', 'Delta', 'Gamma', 'Vega', and 'All'.

inpSensitivity = {'All'} or inpSensitivity = ["All"] specifies that the output is 'Delta', 'Gamma', 'Vega', and 'Price'. This is the same as specifying inpSensitivity to include each sensitivity.

The sensitivities supported depend on the inpInstrument.

inpInstrumentSupported Sensitivities
Cap{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
Floor{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
Swaption{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
FixedBond{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
OptionEmbeddedFixedBond{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
FixedBondOption{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
FloatBond{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
FloatBondOption{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}
OptionEmbeddedFloatBond{'delta','gamma','vega','price'}

Note

Sensitivities are calculated based on yield shifts of 1 basis point, where the ShiftValue = 1/10000. All sensitivities are returned as dollar sensitivities. To find the per-dollar sensitivities, divide the sensitivities by their respective instrument price.

Example: inpSensitivity = {'delta','gamma','vega','price'}

Data Types: string | cell

Output Arguments

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Instrument price, returned as a numeric.

Price result, returned as a PriceResult object. The object has the following fields:

  • PriceResult.Results — Table of results that includes sensitivities (if you specify inpSensitivity)

  • PriceResult.PricerData — Structure for pricer data that depends on the instrument that is being priced

    FixedBond, FloatBond, FixedBondOption, and OptionEmbeddedFixedBond have the following shared fields for PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree:

    • tObs contains the observation times.

    • Connect contains the connectivity vectors. Each element in the cell array describes how nodes in that level connect to the next. For a given tree level, there are NumNodes elements in the vector, and they contain the index of the node at the next level that the middle branch connects to. Subtracting 1 from that value indicates where the up-branch connects to, and adding 1 indicates where the down branch connects to.

The following additional fields for PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree depend on the instrument type:

  • PTree contains the clean prices.

  • AITree contains the accrued interest.

  • Probs contains the probability arrays. Each element of the cell array contains the up, middle, and down transition probabilities for each node of the level.

  • dObs contains the date of each level of the tree.

  • CFlowT is a cell array with as many elements as levels of the tree. Each cell array element contains the time factors (tObs) corresponding to its level of the tree and those levels ahead of it.

  • FwdTree contains the forward spot rate from one node to the next. The forward spot rate is defined as the inverse of the discount factor.

  • ExTree contains the exercise indicator arrays. Each element of the cell array is an array containing 1's where an option is exercised and 0's where it isn't.

  • ProbTree contains the probability of reaching each node from root node.

  • ExProbTree contains the exercise probabilities. Each element in the cell array is an array containing 0's where there is no exercise, or the probability of reaching that node where exercise happens.

  • ExProbsByTreeLevel is an array with each row holding the exercise probability for a given option at each tree observation time.

A FixedBond instrument has these additional fields within PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree:

  • PTree

  • AITree

  • Probs.

A FloatBond instrument has these additional fields within PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree:

  • dObs

  • CFlowT

  • Probs

  • FwdTree

A FixedBondOption instrument has these additional fields within PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree:

  • PTree

  • Probs

  • ExTree

A OptionEmbeddedFixedBond instrument has these additional fields within PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree:

  • PTree

  • ExTree

  • ProbTree

  • ExProbTree

  • ExProbsByTreeLevel

The following table displays the PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree fields related to each instrument.

PriceResult.PricerData.PriceTree FieldsFixedBondFloatBondFixedBondOptionOptionEmbeddedFixedBond
tObs✓✓✓✓
Connect✓✓✓✓
PTree✓No✓✓
AITree✓NoNoNo
Probs✓✓✓No
dObsNo✓NoNo
CFlowTNo✓NoNo
FwdTreeNo✓✓✓
ExTreeNoNo✓✓
ProbTreeNoNoNo✓
ExProbTreeNoNoNo✓
ExProbsByTreeLevelNoNoNo✓

More About

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Delta

A delta sensitivity measures the rate at which the price of an option is expected to change relative to a $1 change in the price of the underlying asset.

Delta is not a static measure; it changes as the price of the underlying asset changes (a concept known as gamma sensitivity), and as time passes. Options that are near the money or have longer until expiration are more sensitive to changes in delta.

Gamma

A gamma sensitivity measures the rate of change of an option's delta in response to a change in the price of the underlying asset.

In other words, while delta tells you how much the price of an option might move, gamma tells you how fast the option's delta itself will change as the price of the underlying asset moves. This is important because this helps you understand the convexity of an option's value in relation to the underlying asset's price.

Vega

A vega sensitivity measures the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.

Vega represents the amount by which the price of an option would be expected to change for a 1% change in the implied volatility of the underlying asset. Vega is expressed as the amount of money per underlying share that the option's value will gain or lose as volatility rises or falls.

Version History

Introduced in R2020a

See Also

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