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cordicacos

CORDIC-based approximation of inverse cosine

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Syntax

theta = cordicacos(x)
theta = cordicacos(x,niters)

Description

theta = cordicacos(x) returns the inverse cosine of x based on a double CORDIC (DCORDIC) algorithm approximation.

example

theta = cordicacos(x,niters) performs niters iterations of the DCORDIC algorithm.

example

Examples

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Open Live Script

Compute the inverse cosine of a fixed-point fi object using a CORDIC implementation.

a = fi(-1:.1:1,1,16);
b = cordicacos(a);
plot(a,b);
title('Inverse CORDIC Cosine');

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Inverse CORDIC Cosine contains an object of type line.

Compare the output of the cordicacos function and the acos function.

c = acos(double(a));
error = double(b)-c;
plot(a,error);
title('Error');

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Error contains an object of type line.

Open Live Script

Find the inverse cosine of a fi object using a CORDIC implementation and specify the number of iterations the CORDIC kernel should perform. Plot the CORDIC approximation of the inverse cosine with varying numbers of iterations. 

a = fi(-1:.1:1,1,16);
for i = 5:5:20
    b = cordicacos(a,i);
    plot(a,b);
    hold on;
end
legend('5 iterations','10 iterations',...
    '15 iterations','20 iterations')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 4 objects of type line. These objects represent 5 iterations, 10 iterations, 15 iterations, 20 iterations.

Input Arguments

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Cosine of angle, specified as a scalar, vector, matrix, or multidimensional array. x must be a real, finite value in the range [-1,1].

When x is specified as a fi object, the property 'DataTypeMode' must equal Fixed-point: binary point scaling', 'Scaled double: binary point scaling', 'double', or 'single'.

Data Types: single | double | fi
Complex Number Support: Yes

Number of iterations the CORDIC algorithm performs, specified as a positive integer-valued scalar.

If you do not specify niters, the algorithm uses a default value. For fixed-point inputs, the default value of niters is one less than the word length of the input array x. For double-precision inputs, the default value of niters is 54. For single-precision inputs, the default value is 25.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | fi

Output Arguments

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Inverse cosine angle values in radians, returned as a scalar, vector, matrix, or multidimensional array. The cordicacos function returns values in the interval [0,π].

More About

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CORDIC

CORDIC is an acronym for COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer. The Givens rotation-based CORDIC algorithm is one of the most hardware-efficient algorithms available because it requires only iterative shift-add operations (see References). The CORDIC algorithm eliminates the need for explicit multipliers. Using CORDIC, you can calculate various functions such as sine, cosine, arcsine, arccosine, arctangent, and vector magnitude. You can also use this algorithm for divide, square root, hyperbolic, and logarithmic functions.

Increasing the number of CORDIC iterations can produce more accurate results but also increases the expense of the computation and adds latency.

References

[1] Volder, Jack E. “The CORDIC Trigonometric Computing Technique.” IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers. EC-8, no. 3 (Sept. 1959): 330–334.

[2] Andraka, Ray. “A Survey of CORDIC Algorithm for FPGA Based Computers.” In Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA Sixth International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays, 191-200. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/275107.275139.

[3] Walther, J.S. “A Unified Algorithm for Elementary Functions.” In Proceedings of the May 18-20, 1971 Spring Joint Computer Conference, 379-386. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1478786.1478840.

[4] Schelin, Charles W. “Calculator Function Approximation.” The American Mathematical Monthly, no. 5 (May 1983): 317-325. https://doi.org/10.2307/2975781.

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced in R2018b

See Also

Functions