predict

Predict labels for test set observations using a neural network classifier.

Load the patients data set. Create a table from the data set. Each row corresponds to one patient, and each column corresponds to a diagnostic variable. Use the Smoker variable as the response variable, and the rest of the variables as predictors.

load patients
tbl = table(Diastolic,Systolic,Gender,Height,Weight,Age,Smoker);

Separate the data into a training set tblTrain and a test set tblTest by using a stratified holdout partition. The software reserves approximately 30% of the observations for the test data set and uses the rest of the observations for the training data set.

rng("default") % For reproducibility of the partition
c = cvpartition(tbl.Smoker,"Holdout",0.30);
trainingIndices = training(c);
testIndices = test(c);
tblTrain = tbl(trainingIndices,:);
tblTest = tbl(testIndices,:);

Train a neural network classifier using the training set. Specify the Smoker column of tblTrain as the response variable. Specify to standardize the numeric predictors.

Mdl = fitcnet(tblTrain,"Smoker", ...
    "Standardize",true);

Classify the test set observations. Visualize the results using a confusion matrix.

label = predict(Mdl,tblTest);
confusionchart(tblTest.Smoker,label)

The neural network model correctly classifies all but two of the test set observations.

Perform feature selection by comparing test set classification margins, edges, errors, and predictions. Compare the test set metrics for a model trained using all the predictors to the test set metrics for a model trained using only a subset of the predictors.

Load the sample file fisheriris.csv, which contains iris data including sepal length, sepal width, petal length, petal width, and species type. Read the file into a table.

fishertable = readtable('fisheriris.csv');

Separate the data into a training set trainTbl and a test set testTbl by using a stratified holdout partition. The software reserves approximately 30% of the observations for the test data set and uses the rest of the observations for the training data set.

rng("default")
c = cvpartition(fishertable.Species,"Holdout",0.3);
trainTbl = fishertable(training(c),:);
testTbl = fishertable(test(c),:);

Train one neural network classifier using all the predictors in the training set, and train another classifier using all the predictors except PetalWidth. For both models, specify Species as the response variable, and standardize the predictors.

allMdl = fitcnet(trainTbl,"Species","Standardize",true);
subsetMdl = fitcnet(trainTbl,"Species ~ SepalLength + SepalWidth + PetalLength", ...
    "Standardize",true);

Calculate the test set classification margins for the two models. Because the test set includes only 45 observations, display the margins using bar graphs.

For each observation, the classification margin is the difference between the classification score for the true class and the maximal score for the false classes. Because neural network classifiers return classification scores that are posterior probabilities, margin values close to 1 indicate confident classifications and negative margin values indicate misclassifications.

tiledlayout(2,1)

% Top axes
ax1 = nexttile;
allMargins = margin(allMdl,testTbl);
bar(ax1,allMargins)
xlabel(ax1,"Observation")
ylabel(ax1,"Margin")
title(ax1,"All Predictors")

% Bottom axes
ax2 = nexttile;
subsetMargins = margin(subsetMdl,testTbl);
bar(ax2,subsetMargins)
xlabel(ax2,"Observation")
ylabel(ax2,"Margin")
title(ax2,"Subset of Predictors")

Compare the test set classification edge, or mean of the classification margins, of the two models.

allEdge = edge(allMdl,testTbl)

allEdge = 
0.8198

subsetEdge = edge(subsetMdl,testTbl)

subsetEdge = 
0.9556

Based on the test set classification margins and edges, the model trained on a subset of the predictors seems to outperform the model trained on all the predictors.

Compare the test set classification error of the two models.

allError = loss(allMdl,testTbl);
allAccuracy = 1-allError

allAccuracy = 
0.9111

subsetError = loss(subsetMdl,testTbl);
subsetAccuracy = 1-subsetError

subsetAccuracy = 
0.9778

Again, the model trained using only a subset of the predictors seems to perform better than the model trained using all the predictors.

Visualize the test set classification results using confusion matrices.

allLabels = predict(allMdl,testTbl);
figure
confusionchart(testTbl.Species,allLabels)
title("All Predictors")

subsetLabels = predict(subsetMdl,testTbl);
figure
confusionchart(testTbl.Species,subsetLabels)
title("Subset of Predictors")

The model trained using all the predictors misclassifies four of the test set observations. The model trained using a subset of the predictors misclassifies only one of the test set observations.

Given the test set performance of the two models, consider using the model trained using all the predictors except PetalWidth.

See how the layers of a neural network classifier work together to predict the label and classification scores for a single observation.

Load the sample file fisheriris.csv, which contains iris data including sepal length, sepal width, petal length, petal width, and species type. Read the file into a table.

fishertable = readtable('fisheriris.csv');

Train a neural network classifier using the data set. Specify the Species column of fishertable as the response variable.

Mdl = fitcnet(fishertable,"Species");

Select the fifteenth observation from the data set. See how the layers of the neural network classifier take the observation and return a predicted class label newPointLabel and classification scores newPointScores.

newPoint = Mdl.X{15,:}

newPoint = 1×4

    5.8000    4.0000    1.2000    0.2000

firstFCStep = (Mdl.LayerWeights{1})*newPoint' + Mdl.LayerBiases{1};
reluStep = max(firstFCStep,0);

finalFCStep = (Mdl.LayerWeights{end})*reluStep + Mdl.LayerBiases{end};
finalSoftmaxStep = softmax(finalFCStep);

[~,classIdx] = max(finalSoftmaxStep);
newPointLabel = Mdl.ClassNames{classIdx}

newPointLabel = 
'setosa'

newPointScores = finalSoftmaxStep'

newPointScores = 1×3

    1.0000    0.0000    0.0000

Check that the predictions match those returned by the predict object function.

[predictedLabel,predictedScores] = predict(Mdl,newPoint)

predictedLabel = 1x1 cell array
    {'setosa'}

predictedScores = 1×3

    1.0000    0.0000    0.0000