BUMP
Edit: I'm sorry to only have found out now, but i can confirm now that the problen was indeed on the OneDrive side, and not on the side of Matlab. The problem was, that i also had a file which was called MATLAB in the same folder, and apparently OneDrive can't handle a file and a folder having the same name, which is why i had to change the name of the file. Now it works fine. :)