- use bwdistline to measure the distance from the center of the spot to near the tip of the arrow.
- Threshold the image.
- call bwlabel
- call regionprops and ask for centroid.
- Go out in all 4 directions and measure the intensity at a distance of the arrow tip distance from the centroid. The darkest location will be the location of the arrow tip.
There are more robust ways to do it, but you'll probably discover them as you try this out. For example the upper left arrow is tilted and you need to be able to handle that, such as by asking regionprops for the orientation and looking only along the major axis for the arrow tip.