Converting analogue input values to grey values

Question

Ashleigh Reid 2021-8-25

0
链接

此问题的直接链接

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/1440479-converting-analogue-input-values-to-grey-values

编辑： Image Analyst 2021-9-27

Hi everyone,

I'm currently working on this project: Ultrasound Sonography, where an arduino GLCD screen is used to look at where the boundaries of the skin are e.g.

This is schoieved in arduino by reading in analogue values (voltages) and converting them to gray values (0-255) and drawn one below the other in the form of short horziontal lines with the respective gray values. A strong echo pulse is correspoding to a bright white line. The code available for this is shown below:

#define pin_output 5
#define pin_input_magnification 4
#define pin_input_sleep 3
unsigned long start_time;
unsigned long stop_time;
unsigned int values[600];    // Array mit den eingelesenen Spannungswerten
int i, j;
int Trigger_time;    // Dauer des Triggerpulses
int gray_value;
#define CENTRE 240
#include <UTFT.h>
// Declare which fonts we will be using
extern uint8_t SmallFont[];
UTFT myGLCD (ILI9486,38,39,40,41);
// =========================
// ========= SETUP =========
// =========================
void setup()
   {
    Serial.begin(115200);  
    
    REG_ADC_MR = 0x10380080;              // change from 10380200 to 10380080, 1 is the PREESCALER and 8 means FREERUN
    ADC -> ADC_CHER = 0x03;               // enable ADC on pin A7
    
    pinMode(pin_output, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(pin_input_magnification, INPUT);    // Switch-input for magnification
    pinMode(pin_input_sleep, INPUT);            // Switch-input for sleep-mode
   
    digitalWrite(pin_output, LOW); 
 
    Trigger_time = 1;                     // Dauer des Triggerpulses
    // Setup the LCD
    myGLCD.InitLCD();
    myGLCD.setFont(SmallFont);    
    myGLCD.clrScr();
    myGLCD.setColor(255, 255, 0);
    myGLCD.fillRect(0, 0, 432, 13);
    myGLCD.setColor(0, 0, 0);
    myGLCD.setBackColor(255, 255, 0);
    myGLCD.print("Sonographie - stoppi", CENTER, 1);
   }
// ========================
// ========= LOOP =========
// ========================
void loop()
   {
    for (j = 0; j < 18; j++)   // Darstellung von 18 scans nebeneinander in x-Richtung
       {   
        // Ausgabe des Triggersignals
        // ==========================
    
        digitalWrite(pin_output,HIGH);
        //delayMicroseconds(Trigger_time);
        digitalWrite(pin_output,LOW);
        
        // Einlesen der US-Reflexionen
        // ===========================
        //start_time = micros();
        
        if (digitalRead(pin_input_magnification) == LOW)   // ohne Zeitstreckung Einlesen von 300 Werten; erfasste Zeitspanne = 120 µsec
           {
            for(i = 0; i < 300; i++)
               {
                while((ADC->ADC_ISR & 0x03)==0);  // wait for conversion
        
                values[i] = ADC->ADC_CDR[0];      //get values
                //delayMicroseconds(1);
               }
           }
        else       // mit Zeitstreckung Einlesen von 600 Werten; erfasste Zeitspanne = 240 µsec
           {
            for(i = 0; i < 600; i++)
               {
                while((ADC->ADC_ISR & 0x03)==0);  // wait for conversion
        
                values[i] = ADC->ADC_CDR[0];      //get values
                //delayMicroseconds(1);
               }
            
           }
    
        //delayMicroseconds(100);
        //delay(5);
    
        /*
        stop_time = micros();
        Serial.print("Total time for 300 values: ");
        Serial.print(stop_time-start_time);
        Serial.println(" microseconds");
        Serial.print("Average time in microseconds per conversion: ");
        Serial.println((float)(stop_time-start_time)/300);
        */
        
        /*
        Serial.println("Values: ");
        
        for(i = 0;i < 600; i++)
           {
            Serial.println(values[i]);
           }
        */
        
        // Zeichnen des scans
        // ==================
        if (digitalRead(pin_input_magnification) == LOW)   // ohne Zeitstreckung Darstellung der ersten 300 eingelesenen Werte
           {
            myGLCD.setColor(255, 255, 255);
            myGLCD.setBackColor(0, 0, 0);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 15, 440, 15 + 300);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 15, 445, 15);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 65, 445, 65);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 115, 445, 115);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 165, 445, 165);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 215, 445, 215);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 265, 445, 265);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 315, 445, 315);
                       
            myGLCD.print("0 us", 450, 10);
            myGLCD.print("20 ", 450, 60);
            myGLCD.print("40 ", 450, 110);
            myGLCD.print("60 ", 450, 160);
            myGLCD.print("80 ", 450, 210);
            myGLCD.print("100", 450, 260);
            myGLCD.print("120", 450, 310);
            
            for(i = 0; i < 300; i++)
               {
                values[i] = map(values[i], 0, 4095, 0, 255);           // Bringe die Helligkeitswerte in den Zahlenbereich [0,255]
                //values[i] = random(255);
                myGLCD.setColor(values[i], values[i], values[i]);
                myGLCD.fillRect(j * 24, 15 + i, j * 24 + 23, 15 + i);
               }
           }
        else   // mit Zeitstreckung Darstellung nur jedes zweiten Werts der 600 eingelesenen Werte
           {
            myGLCD.setColor(255, 255, 255);
            myGLCD.setBackColor(0, 0, 0);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 15, 440, 15 + 300);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 15, 445, 15);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 65, 445, 65);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 115, 445, 115);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 165, 445, 165);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 215, 445, 215);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 265, 445, 265);
            myGLCD.drawLine(440, 315, 445, 315);
                       
            myGLCD.print("0 us", 450, 10);
            myGLCD.print("40 ", 450, 60);
            myGLCD.print("80 ", 450, 110);
            myGLCD.print("120", 450, 160);
            myGLCD.print("160", 450, 210);
            myGLCD.print("200", 450, 260);
            myGLCD.print("240", 450, 310);
            
            for(i = 0; i < 300; i++)
               {
                values[2*i] = map(values[2*i], 0, 4095, 0, 255);         // Bringe die Helligkeitswerte in den Zahlenbereich [0,255]
                //values[2*i] = random(255);
                myGLCD.setColor(values[2*i], values[2*i], values[2*i]);
                myGLCD.fillRect(j * 24, 15 + i, j * 24 + 23, 15 + i);
               }
           }
        // Pause-Taster abfragen
        // =====================
        
        if (digitalRead(pin_input_sleep) == HIGH)
           {
            while(digitalRead(pin_input_sleep) == HIGH)
               {
                // sleeping
               }
           }
             
        delay(1000);    
       }
      
   }

Now... to my question. I don't have a GLCD screen and was planning on taking the analog values and storing them in an excel sheet. Then taking the values to MATLAB to create the same idea as the code shown below, where the bright lines would show the strong echo pulses. However i've tried some built in fucntions with MATLAB such as:

A = readmatrix('dummyvalues.xlsx');
convertTogray = (255*mat2gray(A));
image(convertTogray)
colormap(gray)
colorbar;

However, the image I get is very mixed with black and white lines and is not very clear, I'm not sure if there is a better method or not.

Thanks in advance.

3 个评论
显示 1更早的评论隐藏 1更早的评论

DGM 2021-9-27

编辑：DGM 2021-9-27

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

With this syntax, image() treats everything as an indexed image. If perhaps you had previously specified a colormap of length ~=255, it will not display correctly. In order to make sure the colormap is always correctly set in cases like this that depend on its length, explicitly specify the map length.

colormap(gray(255));

Alternatively, you can use imagesc() instead of jumping through hoops to make image() work.

A = readmatrix('dummyvalues.xlsx');
imagesc(A)
colormap(gray)
colorbar;

Or you can use imshow() as Yanqi Liu suggested, or you can similarly let it do the normalization internally:

A = readmatrix('dummyvalues.xlsx');
imshow(A,[])
colormap(gray)
colorbar;

If none of that helps, you might want to provide an example image.

Image Analyst 2021-9-27

@Ashleigh Reid, you forgot to attach 'dummyvalues.xlsx'. Can you do that? Make it easy for people to help you.

请先登录，再进行评论。

请先登录，再回答此问题。

Converting analogue input values to grey values

3 个评论
显示 1更早的评论隐藏 1更早的评论

回答（0 个）

另请参阅

类别

标签

产品

Community Treasure Hunt

Converting analogue input values to grey values

3 个评论 显示 1更早的评论隐藏 1更早的评论

回答（0 个）

另请参阅

类别

标签

产品

Community Treasure Hunt

3 个评论
显示 1更早的评论隐藏 1更早的评论