The OuterPosition property gives you the box around the axes that includes the ticks and labels (and title):
ax = axes;
ax.OuterPosition=[.2 .2 .6 .6];
title('TITLE')
xlabel({'xlabel' 'has' 'multiple' 'rows'})
ylabel('ylabel')
annotation('rectangle',ax.OuterPosition,'Color','r')
annotation('rectangle',ax.Position,'Color','g')
Another useful property is PositionConstraint (note that on older releases, including 2018b, this was called ActivePositionProperty). When PositionConstraint is set to OuterPosition, and you add a title/xlabel/ylabel the OuterPosition will be held constant (the default behavior), so the InnerPosition (aka Position) will shrink. When the PositionConstraint is set to InnerPosition, the InnerPosition will be helpd constant, so the OuterPosition will grow. This can be a bit confusing to think about, but not so bad if you experiment a bit:
figure
ax1=axes('Position',[.1 .3 .3 .3], 'PositionConstraint', 'OuterPosition');
ax2=axes('Position',[.6 .3 .3 .3], 'PositionConstraint', 'InnerPosition');
title(ax1, 'Outer')
xlabel(ax1, {'xlabel' 'has' 'multiple' 'rows'})
ylabel(ax1, 'ylabel')
title(ax2, 'Inner')
xlabel(ax2, {'xlabel' 'has' 'multiple' 'rows'})
ylabel(ax2, 'ylabel')
Some helpful documentation at: https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/creating_plots/automatic-axes-resize.html
