I think there are a few ways to interpret your question.
Do you mean you want to show two bar charts describing the histogram of the two variables? This will be awkard to do on one x-axis because the scales are very different:
load sat
figure
histogram(EQ)
hold on
histogram(MASS)
figure
tiledlayout(2,1)
nexttile;histogram(EQ)
nexttile;histogram(MASS)
But I think what actually wanted is a 2-D (bivariate) histogram, showing a 3-D bar? histogram2 is good for this...
figure
histogram2(EQ,MASS)
xlabel('EQ')
ylabel('MASS')
zlabel('Count')
If I did this, I might consider trying to flip the x and y axis directions so that the tall bars are in the back corner (because it's hard to see what they might obscure):
figure
histogram2(EQ,MASS)
set(gca,'XDir','reverse','YDir','reverse')
xlabel('EQ')
ylabel('MASS')
zlabel('Count')
Although I generally think these are better with a image-like display style:
histogram2(EQ,MASS,'DisplayStyle','tile')
xlabel('EQ')
ylabel('MASS')
c=colorbar;
c.Label.String='Count';
Or maybe you just wanted to capture histograms alongside the scatter above? You can do this manually using histogram, scatter, and tiledlayout...normally I'd recommend the function scatterhistogram for this but it sadly doesn't look right here.
figure
t=tiledlayout(1,1,'TileSpacing','tight');
scatax=nexttile;
scatter(EQ,MASS)
ax=axes(t);
ax.Layout.Tile='north';
histogram(ax,EQ)
ax.XLim = scatax.XLim;
ax.Visible='off';
ax=axes(t);
ax.Layout.Tile='east';
histogram(ax,MASS)
view([90 90])
ax.XDir='reverse';
ax.XLim = scatax.YLim;
ax.Visible='off';
