How to implement Reference tracking and control for level of hypnosis in Patients through a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model.
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The goal is to design the control U as an anesthetic drug infusion rate such that the level of hypnosis (in our case Bis index) converges to a desired value. After researching I saw a pharmackinetic plus a pharmacodynamic model can be used to model the dynamics.
But I have some problems trying to derive the closed loop transfer function.
So I am making use of a pharmacokinetic model to describe the distribution of the anesthetic drug in the body. I use a three compartmental model illustrated as follows, where the constants
represent the frequency at which the drug is redistributed from compartment i to compartment j.

The input of this model is U which is the drug's infusion rate while its output is the drug concetration of the primary compartment C1.
I then use a pharmacodynamic model to model the drugs effect, mapping the primary compartment concentration C1 to a level of hypnosis through 2 steps.
Step 1 : Map
to 
Step 2 : Map
to Bis index
The last step is to then map
to an actual level of hypnosis to measure the patients consciousness. I used a hill sigmoid function for this.
This last step introduces non linearity to the model which I attempted solving with feedback linarization in the following way.
In the laplace domain we have the following
, rewriting Bis as
hence the feedback linearization can be applied as 
The problem is simulating this model and trying to make the Bis(t) converge to a certain value setting v as a pid control.

The goal isto find the control such that the bis index from an initial value of 1 decreases to a desired bis index in the range of 0.5.
My questions are :
1) Given the feedback linearization I proposed, How do I calculate the closed loop transfer function of this system (the problem is the non linear hill block), I tried feedback(bis*u,1) in matlab but I am not sure.
2) given the error as e(t)= (Bisdesired - Bis), which functions or commands in matlab can I apply to I make e(t) converge to zero with a pid controller through feedback linearization.
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Star Strider
2021-12-31
Unless I missed something in the problem statement, the initial goal is to estimate the parameters. A linear model with identified parameters can then be used with Control System Toolbox functions to model it as a control system. (I do not have the Model Predictive Control Toolbox, although that would appear to be applicable for this research.)
I posted a link to relevant Answers posts in the related Question How of get Initial values of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model..
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Star Strider
2021-12-31
My pleasure!
This appears to me at the outset to be a model predictive control problem (although I’ve not yet finished reading the papers). I did something similar to see if I could devise an ‘artificial beta cell’ (I’m a fellowship-trained endocrinologist) a couple decades ago, however the big problem with that is that the system (Type 1 diabetic human) is both unobservable and uncontrollable (too many hidden states), so I gave up on it. This is a more tractable problem although definitely not trivial, and since I couldn’t find my MPC textbooks (from a rigorous course a quarter century ago), I found and ordered a couple recent replacements. This is best done in state space, since that is simply easier, although the mathematics are a bit more complicated.
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