The URL might be
url = 'https://basemaps.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Basemap_v2/VectorTileServer/tile/${z}/${y}/${x}.pbf';
but as of R2021b, addCustomBasemap allows only raster tile maps.
The Vector Tile Server provided by ESRI is a vector tile map (.pbf format) and it's not supported.
I've informed developers of this question.