function has already been declared within this scope.

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Answer 1

Walter Roberson 2022-2-28

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function Positions=initialization(SearchAgents_no,dim,ub,lb)

That line cannot appear in a file named initialization.m

That function also is not called within your script, and you do not create a handle to it within your script, so there is no way for the function to be called, and therefore no reason for the function to exist.

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Walter Roberson 2022-6-8

Earlier you had

D:\dr.rahbar\compartive.study\mr.hakim\GWO\GWO\Get_Functions_details.m
C:\Users\asus\AppData\Roaming\MathWorks\MATLAB Add-Ons\Toolboxes\Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO)\GWO\Get_Functions_details.m  % Shadowed

The code I posted is only for use with that second series of code, the one available through the File Exchange or Add-on Explorer. It is not compatible with whatever the mr.hakim code is.

bahar vojdani 2022-6-8

I wanted to run exactly that cod but in another system.

unfortunately, we got errors

Answer 2

bahar vojdani 2022-3-3

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https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/1660240-function-has-already-been-declared-within-this-scope#answer_908475

I really appreciate for your help. The edit file that you give me it works well.

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bahar vojdani 2022-4-26

That is my question how can I say when the simulation is finished save the result in Matlab.

Walter Roberson 2022-4-26

Some software programs do not create the output file under that name until they are finished writing to the file; in such a case, you could monitor the available files in the target directory and stop waiting when the file appears.

However, it is considerably more common for software programs to just go ahead and start writing to the file under the target name, and keep writing to it until they are finished; depending on the software involved they might or might not close the file at that point. If you are dealing with that kind of program (common!) then you cannot rely on the existence of the file to tell you that the software has finished writing to the file, since it might still be writing to the file.

Some people try hack work-arounds such as waiting 30 seconds or other fixed time period, under the assumption that "surely" the program would have finished writing to the file in that time. That is not a good assumption at all.

In some situations, a controlling program (such as MATLAB) can invoke the executable that processes the inputs, and wait until the executable finished before the controlling program continues. But earlier I said that "Your CostFunction appears to be designed for the idea that you write values to a file, and then somehow no more than 30 seconds later, results appear in a different file" and you completely agreed -- but that flow implies that the program processing the parameters is running independently of MATLAB, and is itself watching for input control files to appear and processing them, without the program being invoked from MATLAB. If you were invoking the program from MATLAB and it stopped running afterwards, then there would be possibilities to work with.

If you have an independent program that is watching for control input files to appear and processing them itself, then you can ask the question of whether the independent starts running a new process to process the input file -- because if it did, then there would be the possibility that you could monitor to see whether the task still existed.

Sometimes you cannot do much except loop asking to read the output file, expecting that the fopen() will fail as long as the other process has the output file open, so the success of the read() implicitly tells you that the process is done with the file.

Answer 3

bahar vojdani 2022-6-17

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https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/1660240-function-has-already-been-declared-within-this-scope#answer_987730

hello dear, In the zip file that you sent to me, there is a file with the name" MATLAB Drive Tag" . what is this function? Is it cause this zip file just works on my laptop?

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bahar vojdani 2022-7-1

In the GWO toolbox, I changed while l<Max_iter to maxtime = TIME_LIMIT_IN_SECONDS_GOES_HERE;

starttime = tic;

while toc(starttime) < maxtime

but I get error

%___________________________________________________________________%

% Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) source codes version 1.0 %

function [Alpha_score,Alpha_pos,Convergence_curve]=GWO(SearchAgents_no,Max_iter,lb,ub,dim,fobj)

% initialize alpha, beta, and delta_pos

Alpha_pos=zeros(1,dim);

Alpha_score=inf; %change this to -inf for maximization problems

Beta_pos=zeros(1,dim);

Beta_score=inf; %change this to -inf for maximization problems

Delta_pos=zeros(1,dim);

Delta_score=inf; %change this to -inf for maximization problems

%Initialize the positions of search agents

Positions=initialization(SearchAgents_no,dim,ub,lb);

Convergence_curve=zeros(1,Max_iter);

l=0;% Loop counter

wb = waitbar(0, 'GWO iterations: Please wait');

cleanMe = onCleanup(@() delete(wb));

wb.Position = [47 1280 360 75];

wb2 = waitbar(0, 'Search agent, please wait');

cleanMe2 = onCleanup(@() delete(wb2));

wb2.Position = [47 1180 360 75];

npos = size(Positions,1);

% Main loop

maxtime = TIME_LIMIT_IN_SECONDS_GOES_HERE;

starttime = tic;

while toc(starttime) < maxtime

waitbar(l./Max_iter, wb);

for i=1:npos

waitbar(i./npos, wb2);

% Return back the search agents that go beyond the boundaries of the search space

Flag4ub=Positions(i,:)>ub;

Flag4lb=Positions(i,:)<lb;

Positions(i,:)=(Positions(i,:).*(~(Flag4ub+Flag4lb)))+ub.*Flag4ub+lb.*Flag4lb;

% Calculate objective function for each search agent

fitness=fobj(Positions(i,:));

% Update Alpha, Beta, and Delta

if fitness<Alpha_score

Alpha_score=fitness; % Update alpha

Alpha_pos=Positions(i,:);

end

if fitness>Alpha_score && fitness<Beta_score

Beta_score=fitness; % Update beta

Beta_pos=Positions(i,:);

end

if fitness>Alpha_score && fitness>Beta_score && fitness<Delta_score

Delta_score=fitness; % Update delta

Delta_pos=Positions(i,:);

end

a=2-l*((2)/Max_iter); % a decreases linearly fron 2 to 0

% Update the Position of search agents including omegas

for i=1:size(Positions,1)

for j=1:size(Positions,2)

r1=rand(); % r1 is a random number in [0,1]

r2=rand(); % r2 is a random number in [0,1]

A1=2*a*r1-a; % Equation (3.3)

C1=2*r2; % Equation (3.4)

D_alpha=abs(C1*Alpha_pos(j)-Positions(i,j)); % Equation (3.5)-part 1

X1=Alpha_pos(j)-A1*D_alpha; % Equation (3.6)-part 1

r1=rand();

r2=rand();

A2=2*a*r1-a; % Equation (3.3)

C2=2*r2; % Equation (3.4)

D_beta=abs(C2*Beta_pos(j)-Positions(i,j)); % Equation (3.5)-part 2

X2=Beta_pos(j)-A2*D_beta; % Equation (3.6)-part 2

r1=rand();

r2=rand();

A3=2*a*r1-a; % Equation (3.3)

C3=2*r2; % Equation (3.4)

D_delta=abs(C3*Delta_pos(j)-Positions(i,j)); % Equation (3.5)-part 3

X3=Delta_pos(j)-A3*D_delta; % Equation (3.5)-part 3

Positions(i,j)=(X1+X2+X3)/3;% Equation (3.7)

end

l=l+1;

Convergence_curve(l)=Alpha_score;

end

bahar vojdani 2022-7-6

%

I have to change "Max_iter" to "maxtime" and "current_it" to "starttime" in all files, and I have sent my main file. unfortunately, I got this error.

Output argument "lb" (and maybe others) not assigned during call to "Get_Functions_details".

Error in main (line 44)

[lb, ub, dim, fobj] = Get_Functions_details(Function_name);

%___________________________________________________________________%
%  Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) source codes demo version 1.0           %
%                                                                   %
%  Developed in MATLAB R2011b(7.13)                                 %
%                                                                   %
%  Author and programmer: Seyedali Mirjalili                        %
%                                                                   %
%         e-Mail: ali.mirjalili@gmail.com                           %
%                 seyedali.mirjalili@griffithuni.edu.au             %
%                                                                   %
%       Homepage: http://www.alimirjalili.com                       %
%                                                                   %
%   Main paper:                                                     %
%                                                                   %
%   S. Mirjalili, The Ant Lion Optimizer                            %
%   Advances in Engineering Software , in press,2015                %
%   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010         %
%                                                                   %
%___________________________________________________________________%
% You can simply define your cost in a seperate file and load its handle to fobj 
% The initial parameters that you need are:
%__________________________________________
% fobj = @YourCostFunction
% dim = number of your variables
% Max_iteration = maximum number of generations
% SearchAgents_no = number of search agents
% lb=[lb1,lb2,...,lbn] where lbn is the lower bound of variable n
% ub=[ub1,ub2,...,ubn] where ubn is the upper bound of variable n
% If all the variables have equal lower bound you can just
% define lb and ub as two single number numbers
%__
tic
% Max_iteration = 1;
SearchAgents_no = 50;
Function_name = 'CostFunction';
maxtime = 1200;
dim = 2;
ub = [5.12];
lb = [-5.12 ];
[lb, ub, dim, fobj] = Get_Functions_details(Function_name);
[Best_score,Best_pos,GWO_cg_curve]=ALO(SearchAgents_no,maxtime,lb,ub,dim,fobj);
clear all 
clc
SearchAgents_no=40; % Number of search agents
Function_name='F1'; % Name of the test function that can be from F1 to F23 (Table 1,2,3 in the paper)
Max_iteration=500; % Maximum numbef of iterations
% Load details of the selected benchmark function
[lb,ub,dim,fobj]=Get_Functions_details(Function_name);
[Best_score,Best_pos,cg_curve]=ALO(SearchAgents_no,maxtime,lb,ub,dim,fobj);
figure('Position',[500 500 660 290])
%Draw search space
subplot(1,2,1);
func_plot(Function_name);
title('Test function')
xlabel('x_1');
ylabel('x_2');
zlabel([Function_name,'( x_1 , x_2 )'])
grid off
%Draw objective space
subplot(1,2,2);
semilogy(cg_curve,'Color','r')
title('Convergence curve')
xlabel('Iteration');
ylabel('Best score obtained so far');
axis tight
grid off
box on
legend('ALO')
display(['The best solution obtained by ALO is : ', num2str(Best_pos)]);
display(['The best optimal value of the objective funciton found by ALO is : ', num2str(Best_score)]);
        

bahar vojdani 2022-7-18

I have to change "Max_iter" to "maxtime" and "current_it" to "starttime" in all files, and I have sent my main file. unfortunately, I got this error.

Output argument "lb" (and maybe others) not assigned during call to "Get_Functions_details".

Error in main (line 44)

[lb, ub, dim, fobj] = Get_Functions_details(Function_name);

%___________________________________________________________________%
%  Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) source codes demo version 1.0           %
%                                                                   %
%  Developed in MATLAB R2011b(7.13)                                 %
%                                                                   %
%  Author and programmer: Seyedali Mirjalili                        %
%                                                                   %
%         e-Mail: ali.mirjalili@gmail.com                           %
%                 seyedali.mirjalili@griffithuni.edu.au             %
%                                                                   %
%       Homepage: http://www.alimirjalili.com                       %
%                                                                   %
%   Main paper:                                                     %
%                                                                   %
%   S. Mirjalili, The Ant Lion Optimizer                            %
%   Advances in Engineering Software , in press,2015                %
%   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010         %
%                                                                   %
%___________________________________________________________________%
% You can simply define your cost in a seperate file and load its handle to fobj 
% The initial parameters that you need are:
%__________________________________________
% fobj = @YourCostFunction
% dim = number of your variables
% Max_iteration = maximum number of generations
% SearchAgents_no = number of search agents
% lb=[lb1,lb2,...,lbn] where lbn is the lower bound of variable n
% ub=[ub1,ub2,...,ubn] where ubn is the upper bound of variable n
% If all the variables have equal lower bound you can just
% define lb and ub as two single number numbers
%__
tic
% Max_iteration = 1;
SearchAgents_no = 50;
Function_name = 'CostFunction';
maxtime = 1200;
dim = 2;
ub = [5.12];
lb = [-5.12 ];
[lb, ub, dim, fobj] = Get_Functions_details(Function_name);
[Best_score,Best_pos,GWO_cg_curve]=ALO(SearchAgents_no,maxtime,lb,ub,dim,fobj);
clear all 
clc
SearchAgents_no=40; % Number of search agents
Function_name='F1'; % Name of the test function that can be from F1 to F23 (Table 1,2,3 in the paper)
Max_iteration=500; % Maximum numbef of iterations
% Load details of the selected benchmark function
[lb,ub,dim,fobj]=Get_Functions_details(Function_name);
[Best_score,Best_pos,cg_curve]=ALO(SearchAgents_no,maxtime,lb,ub,dim,fobj);
figure('Position',[500 500 660 290])
%Draw search space
subplot(1,2,1);
func_plot(Function_name);
title('Test function')
xlabel('x_1');
ylabel('x_2');
zlabel([Function_name,'( x_1 , x_2 )'])
grid off
%Draw objective space
subplot(1,2,2);
semilogy(cg_curve,'Color','r')
title('Convergence curve')
xlabel('Iteration');
ylabel('Best score obtained so far');
axis tight
grid off
box on
legend('ALO')
display(['The best solution obtained by ALO is : ', num2str(Best_pos)]);
display(['The best optimal value of the objective funciton found by ALO is : ', num2str(Best_score)]);

bahar vojdani 2022-7-29

In addition, if I do not defined these hyperprameters in Get_Functions_details I will get these error:

Not enough input arguments.

Error in Get_Functions_details (line 33)

switch F

Error in main (line 48)

[lb, ub, dim, fobj] = Get_Functions_details();

Walter Roberson 2022-7-30

You should have

function [lb, ub, dim, Function_name] = Get_functions_details(varargin)
    ub = [5.12];
    lb = [-5.12 ];
    dim = 2;
    Function_name = 'CostFunction';
end

and delete everything else out of Get_functions_details

Answer 4

bahar vojdani 2022-8-2

0
链接

此回答的直接链接

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/1660240-function-has-already-been-declared-within-this-scope#answer_1019620

Hello dear,

I have changed my Get_Functions_detailsas like as you said. But, I have an error. These are:

Array indices must be positive integers or logical values.

Error in ALO (line 49)

antlions_fitness(1,i)=fobj(antlion_position(i,:));

Error in main (line 54)

[Best_score,Best_pos,cg_curve]=ALO(SearchAgents_no,Max_iteration,lb,ub,dim,fobj);

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Walter Roberson 2022-8-2

function [lb, ub, dim, Function_name] = Get_functions_details(varargin)
    ub = [5.12];
    lb = [-5.12 ];
    dim = 2;
    Function_name = @CostFunction;
end