m = [1 2 3 6 7;4 5 6 8 9;8 7 6 3 1;5 6 7 9 1;6 4 2 9 6];
out = cell(2^size(m, 2), 1);
outrow = 1;
for numcols = 0:size(m, 2)
colcombs = nchoosek(1:size(m, 2), numcols);
for c = 1:size(colcombs, 1)
out{outrow} = m(:, colcombs(c, :));
outrow = outrow + 1;
end
end
Or using cellfun / arrayfun:
m = [1 2 3 6 7;4 5 6 8 9;8 7 6 3 1;5 6 7 9 1;6 4 2 9 6];
out = arrayfun(@(numcols) cellfun(@(colcomb) m(:, colcomb), num2cell(nchoosek(1:size(m, 2), numcols), 2), 'UniformOutput', false), 0:size(m, 2), 'UniformOutput', false);
out = vertcat(out{:});