The code in the question is plotting R vs index, but it sounds like the goal is to plot R vs frequency (Hz). So we need to compute the frequency vector that corresponds to the samples of r.
t = 0:0.01:5; % time interval
Ts = t(2); % sampling period
w = 4*pi; % rad/s , so w = 2*pi*f, f=frequency
x = sin(w*t);
r = fft(x); % fast fourier transform function
R = real(r);
The corresponding frequency vector in Hz is:
fhz = (0:(numel(r)-1))/numel(r)/Ts;
Plot the real part as in the Question
figure;plot(fhz,R),xlabel("Hz")
We see two peaks at around 2Hz and 98 Hz, whchi corresponds to -2Hz.
Zoom in
figure;plot(fhz,R,'-o'),xlim([0 10])
We see a peak at 2 Hz, but small non-zero values around 2Hz. These values come about because the samples of x do not exactly an integer number of periods of the underlying sine wave. The easiest way to get the expetect result to make the number of samples of x equal to an integer multiple of P/Ts, where P is the period of the sine wave
P = 1/2;
P/Ts
But the actual number of samples is
N = numel(t)
Because we really want 500 samples of data, jsut chop off the last point in the time vector
t(end) = []; % time interval
x = sin(w*t);
r = fft(x); % fast fourier transform function
R = real(r);
fhz = (0:(numel(r)-1))/numel(r)/t(2);
For the sine wave the real part of its FFT is zero, so also plot the imaginary part.
figure;
subplot(211);plot(fhz,R,'-o'),xlim([0 10])
subplot(212);plot(fhz,imag(r),'-o'),xlim([0 10])
xlabel('Hz')
As expected the real, part is basically zero and the imaginary part has a spike at 2Hz.
