Meshgrid orthogonal to a line in 3D Space

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ADSW121365 2022-5-20

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评论： ADSW121365 2022-5-23

In 3D space, how do I generate a set of points, like a meshgrid, orthogonal to a specific straight line passing through its center? This is definitely not a difficult problem, but I'm overcomplicating it somewhere in my brain and related questions didn't help me with the gridding part.

For a line orientated along one axis, what I'm trying to do is this:

X = [-5:5]; Y = ones(size(X)); Z = ones(size(X)); %Define Line
No_points = 5;
plane_x = linspace(-1,1,5); plane_y = linspace(0.9,1.1,5); plane_z = linspace(0.9,1.1,5); %Specify Points
[plane_x,plane_y,plane_z]=meshgrid(plane_x,plane_y,plane_z);
figure;plot3(X,Y,Z,'r-'); hold on; plot3(plane_x(:),plane_y(:),plane_z(:),'k.');

How do I generate the same orthogonal meshgrid of points passing through the origin for a "3D line", e.g:

X = [-5:5]; Y = X; Z = X;

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Answer 1

Matt J 2022-5-20

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编辑：Matt J 2022-5-20

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Pick a 3D direction vector for the straight line, e.g.

d=[1,1,1];

Then,

d=d(:)./norm(d);

B=null(d.'); %basis

[x,y,z]=meshgrid(linspace(-5,5,10));

[m,n]=size(x);

res=@(q)reshape(q,1,m,n);

XYZ=B(:,1).*res(x) + B(:,2).*res(y) +d(:).*res(z);

scatter3(XYZ(1,:), XYZ(2,:), XYZ(3,:) );

axis equal

xlabel X, ylabel Y, zlabel Z, view(30,40)

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Torsten 2022-5-20

编辑：Torsten 2022-5-20

... followed by the 5-fold copy-translate of this meshgrid along the positive and negative normal of the plane :-)

Matt J 2022-5-20

Yep, I modified accordingly.

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Answer 2

Matt J 2022-5-20

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编辑：Matt J 2022-5-20

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There are also ready-made File Exchange tools you can use, like this one

d=[1;1;1]; %direction of line
d=d(:)./norm(d);
gtPlane=planarFit.groundtruth([],d,0); %ground truth plane
b0=[1,0,0];  
b1=cross([0,1,0],gtPlane.normal); %Make one sampling direction parallel to x-z plane
b2=[];                            %Make the other direction orthogonal to b1
t=linspace(-5,5,10); 
XYZ=gtPlane.sample(b0,b1,b2,t,t); %Post-sample the plane
XYZ=num2cell( cell2mat(XYZ)+d(:).*reshape(t,1,1,[])   ,[2,3]); %expand along d
hPost=scatter3(XYZ{1}(:), XYZ{2}(:), XYZ{3}(:)); 
xlabel X, ylabel Y, zlabel Z; view(30,40); axis equal

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Answer 3

Matt J 2022-5-20

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编辑：Matt J 2022-5-20

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You can also start with an unrotated grid, then rotate it:

d=[1;1;1]; d=d(:).'/norm(d);

[X,Y,Z]=meshgrid(-5:5);

R=[d;null(d)'];

XYZ=num2cell( [X(:),Y(:),Z(:)]*R',1);

scatter3(XYZ{:});

axis equal

xlabel X, ylabel Y, zlabel Z, view(30,40)

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ADSW121365 2022-5-23

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Firstly, I assume my question is at fault rather than the answer. Both the first and this answer give the same solution, however this is more concise. Choosing Nx = 3 to make the issue/question clearer.

Implementation:

clear,close all; clc; 
Line_X = linspace(-5,5,5); Line_Y = Line_X; Line_Z = Line_X;
%Generate Evaluation Points:
Xl = -2; Xu = 2; Nx = 3; Yl = -2; Yu = 2; Ny = 100; Zl = -2; Zu = 2; Nz = 100;
[opt_x,opt_y,opt_z] = ...
     meshgrid(linspace(Xl,Xu,Nx),linspace(Yl,Yu,Ny),linspace(Zl,Zu,Nz));
%Rotate Points:
d=[1;1;1]; d=d(:).'/norm(d);
R=[d;null(d)'];
opt = [opt_x(:),opt_y(:),opt_z(:)]*R';
opt_x = opt(:,1)'; opt_y = opt(:,2)'; opt_z = opt(:,3)';
%Plot:
figure; plot3(Line_X,Line_Y,Line_Z,'r-'); hold on;
plot3(opt_x(:),opt_y(:),opt_z(:),'k.')

Here I am trying to make each of the 'planes' to intersect the line, but be perpendicular at all points. Returning back the the version I am able to code, for the simpler line used in my question I am looking for:

X = [-5:5]; Y = ones(size(X)); Z = ones(size(X)); %Define Line
plane_x = linspace(-2,2,3); plane_y = linspace(0.9,1.1,100); plane_z = linspace(0.9,1.1,100);
[plane_x,plane_y,plane_z]=meshgrid(plane_x,plane_y,plane_z);
figure;plot3(X,Y,Z,'r-'); hold on;
plot3(plane_x(:),plane_y(:),plane_z(:),'k.');