Hi Mariusz,
It is possible to install updates for MATLAB from a command-line environment. The process requires that the computer in which you hope to install updates into already has MATLAB installed, and that the MATLAB update installer be downloaded on the machine you wish to perform the update on. Note: before running the update installer on any machine, you need to ensure that there are no sessions of MATLAB running on the machine in question.
For commands specific to your MATLAB version and operating system, please refer to the below mentioned MATLAB answer: