You can use the stlwrite function that ships with MATLAB. However, you do need to turn your mesh into a triangulation opject first. I'm not sure I found the best way to do this, but my solution is based on this answer:
smodel = createpde('structural', 'static-solid');
importGeometry(smodel, 'SquareBeam.stl');
pdegplot(smodel)
msh = generateMesh(smodel, 'GeometricOrder','linear','Hmin',50);
pdemesh(msh)
% Extract the edge nodes
N = findNodes(msh,"region","Edge",1:smodel.Geometry.NumEdges);
% Convert to alphashape
shp = alphaShape(msh.Nodes(:,N)');
figure
plot(shp)
% Create triangulation
[T, P] = boundaryFacets(shp);
TR = triangulation(T, P);
stlwrite(TR, 'myMesh.stl');
% check result
bmodel = createpde('structural', 'static-solid');
importGeometry(bmodel, 'myMesh.stl');
pdegplot(bmodel)




