How to correctly plot the PSD of segments of a signal?

Question

MAWE 2022-9-16

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https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/1806420-how-to-correctly-plot-the-psd-of-segments-of-a-signal

回答： Chunru 2022-9-16

I have a signal r of length S samples of baseband bandwidth W Hz. This represents the received signal in a communication system. The sampling rate is fs and carrier frequency is fc. I want to monitor the two-sided power spectral density (PSD) of r in segements each of length U samples, where I prefer to calculate the PSD from fft directly instead of a built in function, but having an additional appraoch using a built-in function may be helpful. The way I do it now for the first segment for example is like so

r1 = r(1:U);
[psd,f]=pwelch(r1);
plot(f, 10*log10(psd));

From the documentaion it seems that I used pwelch incorrectly or not the way I wanted it, because the above syntax returns the normalized frequency as x-axis.

The one I think I need is the following

[pxx,f] = pwelch(x,window,noverlap,f,fs)

But I am not sure what I should use for windows, nooverlap, and f. I also want to calculate a similar result using fft directly on the segments. I do it as so

psd1 = abs(fft(r1)).^2/(fs*S);

where I know I need to normalize the power of the fft of the segment, but not sure how exactly.

How can I use these both methods (or any other built-in method other than pwelch) correctly in MATLAB?