No it is not possible with any documented method (maybe with undocumented methods).
The workaround is to not place markers in your plot() call, and instead
pointsize=10;
shape = 's';
hold on
scatter(x, y, pointsize, y, shape, 'filled')
hold off
If you want the edge color to be different than the face color then you will need to pass in options.
Note that most markers are drawn completely by edge and setting face color does not affect them.
