Ethernet.
For example there is https://docs.arduino.cc/retired/boards/arduino-ethernet-rev3-without-poe with an W5100 controller, which https://forum.arduino.cc/t/ethernet-shield-w5100-data-transfer-speed-and-capacity/534305 says can handle approx 100 kbytes/sec .
These days the W5100 is not recommended, and people use W5500 based devices instead. At https://forum.wiznet.io/t/topic/7592 a developer of the W5500 says the maximum rate for that chip itself is 15 megabits per second; I have not checked to see how quickly you could actually transfer data with the Due. It appears to depend on the SPI clock, which https://forum.arduino.cc/t/spi-clock-in-arduino-due/518710 says defaults to 4 MHz
