How to approximate float function by integer numbers?

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Dan Richter
Dan Richter 2022-12-20
评论： Walter Roberson 2022-12-29
I need to spare same space in 2 kB Flash MCU to finish with the program to control servos where x = 0.0° to 90.0°
How to approximate the function float y = x / 90 * 1250 + 3750 by an integer function, preferably using uint16_t
The integer divisor should be a power of 2.

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Les Beckham
Les Beckham 2022-12-20
Ran in:
I'm assuming you want to replace the floating point calculation with an integer one? I'm not sure how that is going to "spare some space" unless you can't do floating point calculations and you don't have room for floating point emulation in software.
There are a lot of possible ways to do that depending on details of your application which you didn't provide.
This example comes pretty close.
x = 0:0.1:90;
y = x./90*1250 + 3750;
x2 = uint16(0:90 * 111); % scale your x values by 111
y2 = x2/8 + 3750; % replace /8 with right-shift 3 places
plot(x, y, x2/111, y2)
xlabel 'x'
ylabel 'y'
legend('Float calculation', 'Integer calculation', 'Location', 'southeast')
grid on

更多回答（1 个）

Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2022-12-29
Ran in:
General exact process:
This can be done more compactly using bitand() and bitget() and similar, but sometimes it is easier to think in terms of streams of bits.
format long g
R = (1250/90)
R =
13.8888888888889
U64 = typecast(double(R), 'uint64');
B64 = dec2bin(U64, 64);
numerator = int64(bin2dec(['1', B64(end-51:end)]))
numerator = int64
7818749353073778
denominator = 2^(510 + 52 - bin2dec(B64(2:11)))
denominator =
562949953421312
sign = 2 * (B64(1)=='0') - 1
sign =
1
reconstructed = sign * double(numerator) / double(denominator)
reconstructed =
13.8888888888889
R - reconstructed
ans =
0
Approximating with a 16 bit denominator would take more work. Or perhaps less...
  1 个评论
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2022-12-29
Ran in:
format long g
R = (1250/90)
R =
13.8888888888889
D = 15 - ceil(log2(abs(R)));
denominator = uint16(2^D)
denominator = uint16
2048
sign = 1; if R < 0; sign = -1; end
numerator = sign * int16(floor(abs(R) * denominator))
numerator = int16
28444
reconstructed = double(numerator) / double(denominator)
reconstructed =
13.888671875
R - reconstructed
ans =
0.000217013888889284
When you look at those, at first it looks as if it would be plausible that you could gain another bit of accuracy by using a numerator one bit different from twice as large as the existing one, so 56888 +/- 1. But if you do that then you lose the room for the numerator to be negative.
This code will not work properly for input values less than 1.

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