How to convert a transfer function into state space representation?

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Hind Aljallaf
Hind Aljallaf 2023-5-1
编辑： Paul 2023-5-2
I was trying to convert a transfer function into state space representation, but the matrices in the output are not quiet correct. The numbers are flipped like how in B 0 should be up and 1 should be down, or in C where 2 should be right and 3 should be left. How can I fix this issue?

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回答（2 个）

Paul
Paul 2023-5-1
编辑：Paul 2023-5-2
Ran in:
The state space realization of a transfer function is not unique. In fact, there are infinitely many state space realizations to choose from.
num = [0 3 2];
den = [1 4 4];
The Control System Toolbox uses one methodology
G = ss(tf(num, den))
G = A = x1 x2 x1 -4 -2 x2 2 0 B = u1 x1 2 x2 0 C = x1 x2 y1 1.5 0.5 D = u1 y1 0 Continuous-time state-space model.
and the Signal Processing Toolbox uses another
[A,B,C,D] = tf2ss(num,den)
A = 2×2
-4 -4 1 0
B = 2×1
1 0
C = 1×2
3 2
D = 0
Each realization has the same transfer function
tf(G)
ans = 3 s + 2 ------------- s^2 + 4 s + 4 Continuous-time transfer function.
[b,a] = ss2tf(A,B,C,D)
b = 1×3
0 3.0000 2.0000
a = 1×3
1 4 4
Any other realization can be obtained via similarity transformation. The CST provides a function ss2ss to do that
ss2ss(ss(A,B,C,D),[0 1;1 0])
ans = A = x1 x2 x1 0 1 x2 -4 -4 B = u1 x1 0 x2 1 C = x1 x2 y1 2 3 D = u1 y1 0 Continuous-time state-space model.
tf(ans)
ans = 3 s + 2 ------------- s^2 + 4 s + 4 Continuous-time transfer function.
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2023-5-1
Ran in:
num = [0 3 2];
den = [1 4 4];
G = tf(num, den);
S = ss(G)
S = A = x1 x2 x1 -4 -2 x2 2 0 B = u1 x1 2 x2 0 C = x1 x2 y1 1.5 0.5 D = u1 y1 0 Continuous-time state-space model.
S.A
ans = 2×2
-4 -2 2 0
S.B
ans = 2×1
2 0
S.C
ans = 1×2
1.5000 0.5000
S.D
ans = 0
[A, B, C, D] = tf2ss(num, den)
A = 2×2
-4 -4 1 0
B = 2×1
1 0
C = 1×2
3 2
D = 0
At the moment I do not kow why the values do not match.

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