I am not certain that I fully understaznd what you want to do. Probably the easiest way to do that (without actually deleting any data) is to change the xlim range for the scatter plot. It can be updated fairly easily, although if the independent variable is a datetime value, the units provided to xlim would have to be datetime values as well.
That would go something like this —
D = datetime(2023,01,01)+days(0:100).';
NOx = sin(2*pi*(0:numel(D)-1)/10).' + randn(size(D));
figure
scatter(D, NOx, 25, day(D,'dayofyear'), 'filled')
grid
colormap(turbo)
figure
tiledlayout(4,1)
nexttile
scatter(D, NOx, 25, day(D,'dayofyear'), 'filled')
grid
colormap(turbo)
xlim([D(1) D(14)])
nexttile
scatter(D, NOx, 25, day(D,'dayofyear'), 'filled')
grid
colormap(turbo)
xlim([D(1) D(14)]+caldays(3))
nexttile
scatter(D, NOx, 25, day(D,'dayofyear'), 'filled')
grid
colormap(turbo)
xlim([D(1) D(14)]+caldays(60))
nexttile
scatter(D, NOx, 25, day(D,'dayofyear'), 'filled')
grid
colormap(turbo)
xlim([D(1) D(14)]+caldays(63))
EDIT — (7 Dec 2023 at 12:48)
Added gradient colours to the markers.
.