A more efficient or compact way to sort strings that contain dates

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Sim 2024-5-2

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此问题的直接链接

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/2114246-a-more-efficient-or-compact-way-to-sort-strings-that-contain-dates

评论： Sim 2024-5-2

I have strings that contain dates.

Those strings are in a "random" order, i.e. they are not ordered by following the dates, from 2024/03/01 to 2024/03/31 (i.e. from the 1st of March 2024 to the 31st of March 2024).

Is there a more efficient or compact way to sort the following strings containing dates?

% (1) input (strings containing dates, in a "random" order)
a(1,:) = '123_abc_01_202403020000_202403022359.txt';
a(2,:) = '123_abc_01_202403040000_202403042359.txt';
a(3,:) = '123_abc_01_202403030000_202403032359.txt';
a(4,:) = '123_abc_01_202403050000_202403052359.txt';
a(5,:) = '123_abc_01_202403010000_202403012359.txt';
a
a = 5x40 char array
    '123_abc_01_202403020000_202403022359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403040000_202403042359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403030000_202403032359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403050000_202403052359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403010000_202403012359.txt'
% (2) create substrings with ordered dates, that we can use to compare with the unordered strings of the input
for i = 1 : 31
    tmp = [];
    if i <=10
        tmp = sprintf('%02d',i);
    else
        tmp = sprintf('%0d',i);
    end
    b(i,:) = append('_202403',tmp);
end
% sort the unordered strings of the input, by following the substrings that have ordered dates
for i = 1 : 5
    for j = 1 : 31
        if contains(a(i,:),b(j,:))
           which_j(i) = j;
        end
    end
end
sorted_a = sort(a(which_j,:))
sorted_a = 5x40 char array
    '123_abc_01_202403010000_202403012359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403020000_202403022359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403030000_202403032359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403040000_202403042359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403050000_202403052359.txt'

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Answer 1

Stephen23 2024-5-2

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链接

此回答的直接链接

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/2114246-a-more-efficient-or-compact-way-to-sort-strings-that-contain-dates#answer_1451261

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

a = [...
    '123_abc_01_202403020000_202403022359.txt';
    '123_abc_01_202403040000_202403042359.txt';
    '123_abc_01_202403030000_202403032359.txt';
    '123_abc_01_202403050000_202403052359.txt';
    '123_abc_01_202403010000_202403012359.txt'];
b = sortrows(a)
b = 5x40 char array
    '123_abc_01_202403010000_202403012359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403020000_202403022359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403030000_202403032359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403040000_202403042359.txt'
    '123_abc_01_202403050000_202403052359.txt'

Is there are particular reason why you are using a character matrix?

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Stephen23 2024-5-2

编辑：Stephen23 2024-5-2

"How is it possible that sortrows recognises dates inside the strings??"

It doesn't.

"Is there any magic?"

Not really: as long as the dates are written in order from largest unit to smallest unit (i.e. years, months, ... seconds) and use leading zeros to ensure a constant width then a basic character sort will return the dates in chronological order. If those conditions are not met then a character sort will not work, i.e. you will need to parse the dates first.

This is exactly why ISO 8601 specifies timestamps with units going from largest to smallest, and a fixed width:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601

A more efficient or compact way to sort strings that contain dates

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A more efficient or compact way to sort strings that contain dates

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